Author/Editor		Dajčman, Davorin; Potočnik-Dajčman, Nataša
Title		Sindrom iritabilnega črevesa
Translated title		Irritable bowel syndrome
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 44, št. 1
Publication year		2005
Volume		str. 71-9
Language		slo
Abstract		Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common medical conditions diagnosed today. It is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder thac affects all aspecrs oftlte patienc's daily life. It was first recognized nearly two centuries ago, but ii siill remains widely misunderstood by both patients and physicians. Irritable bowel syndrome has been given a number of different names over che years, including nervous coliris, spastic colitis, mucous colitis, unstable colon and irritable colon. Today it is known thac irritable bowel syndrome is a syndrome of findings rather than just a single, isolated complaint that can affect multiple areas of rhe gastrointestinal traa and is not limited only to che colon. Understanding of the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome has changed considerably during the past 50 years. Initially, it was thought to represent a nervous disorder oF the gastrointescinal tract. However, new studies 6ave demonstrated rhac irritable bowel syndrome is not caused by a single factor; rather, it is a complex disorder in which a number of physiologic processes are involved. These include abnormalities of intestinal motility, alterations in the visceral sensory function and changes in central nervous system processing of sensory information. Today it is believed that the intestines and the brain are intimately connected and that this connection, often called the brain-gut axis, plays a central role in the theory of irritable bowel syndrome. Significant advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of IBS have enabled the medical profession to move forward from a primarily descriptive model to a true biopsychosocial model that treats all its aspects. The aim of this article is to summarize the current status of knowledge about Irritable bowel syndrome, with emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of this common medical condition.
Summary		Sindrom iritabilnega črevesa spada med najbolj pogosto odkrite zdravstvene težave prebivalstva današnjega časa. Vključuje kronične spremembe v delovanju prebavil, ki prizadenejo prav vse vsakodnevne življenjske dejavnosti. Težave, značilne za sindrom iritabilnega črevesa, so poznane že več kot dvesto let, vendar so še danes pogosto nepravilno razumljene tako med bolniki kakor zdravniki. V preteklosti so sindrom iritabilnega črevesa poimenovali zelo različno; med najbolj pogosta poimenovanja spadajo nervozni kolitis, spastični kolitis, sluzavi kolitis, nestabilni kolon in iritabilni kolon. Danes je znano, da sindrom iritabilnega črevesa predstavlja spremembe v delovanju črevesa in lahko prizadene celotno prebavno cev in ne le debelo črevo. Razumevanje vzrokov sindroma iritabilnega črevesa od prvotnega prepričanja, da gre za nevrološko motnjo, se je v zadnjih 50 letih pomembno spremenilo. Novejše raziskave kažejo, da sindrom iritabilnega črevesa povzročajo različni dejavniki in je posledica zapletenih sprememb v delovanju prebavil. Med te spadajo motnje motilitete črevesa, okvare visceralnega živčevja in osrednjega živčnega sistema. Danes verjamemo, da je delovanje prebavil tesno povezano z osrednjim živčevjem, tako da lahko govorimo o fiziološki osi med možgani in črevesom, motnje v njenem delovanju pa vplivajo na nastanek sindroma iritabilnega črevesa. Pomemben napredek v razumevanju patofiziologije nastanka sindroma iritabilnega črevesa je pripomogel, da danes sindrom iritabilnega črevesa obravnavamo kot biopsihosocialno okvaro zdravja in ne le kot enostavno okvaro v delovanju organizma. Namen prispevka je predstaviti zadnja spoznanja o sindromu iritabilnega črevesa, s poudarkom na najnovejših diagnostičnih metodah in možnostih zdravljenja.
Descriptors		COLONIC DISEASES, FUNCTIONAL