Author/Editor		Triller, Nadja; Eržen, Damjan; Duh, Štefan; Petrinec-Primožič, Marija; Košnik, Martina
Title		Music during bronchoscopic examination: the physiological effects
Type		članek
Source		Respiration
Vol. and No.		Letnik 73, št. 1
Publication year		2006
Volume		str. 95-9
Language		eng
Abstract		Background: Patients scheduled for bronchoscopic procedures are often anxious and frightened. Reduction in the state of anxiety during an invasive procedure may prevent some possible complications. Music has been proposed as a safe nonpharmacological antianxiety intervention. Objective: We followed up physiological indicators of anxiety (blood pressure, heart rate) during bronchoscopic examination to determine the effect of music on the level of anxiety. Methods: Two hundred adult patients were included in the study. Blood pressure, heart rate, procedures performed during bronchoscopy and duration of examination were monitored. Patients' overall feelings during the procedure were rated from 0 (without unpleasant feelings) to 10 (unbearable). All patients used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: Two hundred adult patients referred for bronchoscopy were included in the study: 93 patients received music during the procedure and 107 served as control. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, indications for bronchoscopy, procedures performed during bronchoscopy, duration of the examination and patients' subjective perception of the procedure. The mean hart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the music group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the application of music reduces anxiety during bronchoscopic examination as physiological indicators of enxiety, the mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, were significantly lower in the music group.
Descriptors		BRONCHOSCOPY ANXIETY BLOOD PRESSURE HEART RATE MUSIC