Author/Editor		Rotar, Eli; Zajc, Dejana; Damjan, Hermina
Title		Prilagoditve vozičkov za uporabnike s povišanim mišičnim tonusom
Translated title		Wheelchair adaptations for users with high muscle tone
Type		članek
Source		Rehabilitacija
Vol. and No.		Letnik 6, št. Suppl 1
Publication year		2007
Volume		str. 27-32
Language		slo
Abstract		Sitting is a dynamic function influenced by selective motor activity and reflex motor patterns as well as the seating device. People with various disorders of nervous system and neuromuscular diseases are unable to control sitting actively or to continuously adapt their sitting posture. Sitting position can be corrected and the development of deformations can be prevented with specially adapted sitting devices, such as wheelchairs, and thus the quality of life can be improved. When planning and fitting a seating device or a wheelchair, present motor and pathomorphologic mechanisms should be considered. Muscle tone is one of the very important mechanisms that influence a person's ability to maintain the sitting position. With correctly chosen basic construction and individually adapted parts, unwanted influence of spasticity on the sitting position can be prevented. A team of experts is responsible for planning and fitting seating devices for persons with high muscle tone. Wheelchair users and their relatives should take an active part in decision making. Moreover, activities of daily living and social environment of the user should be taken into account as well.
Summary		Sedenje je dinamičen proces, na katerega vplivajo hotena motorika in refleksno pogojene aktivnosti, posredno pa tudi pripomoček, na katerem sedimo. Osebe z različnimi okvarami osrednjega živčevja in živčnomišičnimi boleznimi imajo moteno sposobnost kontroliranega sedenja in spreminjanja položaja. Pri njih lahko s prilagojenimi pripomočki, kot so vozički, izboljšamo sedenje, preprečujemo ali zavremo razvoj deformacij in tako posredno vplivamo na kvaliteto življenja. Pri načrtovanju in izdelavi pripomočka moramo upoštevati prisotne gibalne in patomorfološke mehanizme. Eden od teh mehanizmov je tudi povišan mišični tonus. Na vozičku lahko s pravilno izbrano osnovno konstrukcijo, posameznimi sestavnimi deli in posebnimi individualnimi prilagoditvami v veliki meri zmanjšamo ali preprečimo vpliv povišanega tonusa, zagotovimo lažje vključevanje v ožje in širše življenjsko okolje in preprečimo ali vsaj zmanjšamo vpliv spastičnosti na razvoj deformacij in drugih zapletov. Zaradi zahtevnosti problematike mora pri izbiri in prilagoditvi vozička sodelovati tim strokovnjakov, pomembno je vključevanje svojcev in poznavanje okolja, v katerem uporabnik živi.