Avtor/Urednik		Osrajnik, Ilonka
Naslov		Etiopatogeneza in klinična slika tuberkuloze
Tip		članek
Vir		In: Hojs R, Krajnc I, Pahor A, et al, editors. Zbornik predavanj in praktikum 19. srečanje internistov in zdravnikov splošne medicine "Iz prakse za prakso"; 2008 maj 30-31; Maribor. Maribor: Univerzitetni klinični center,
Leto izdaje		2008
Obseg		str. 127-38
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		Tuberculosis is an infectious disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. As many as two billion humans are estimated to be infected with Myobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Approximately eight million people develop active tuberculosis every year, with two million dying from the disease. Myobacterium tuberculosis is spread as an airborne aerosol caughed up by persons with active disease. Initial tuberculosis infection in lungs usually results in latent tuberculosis in persons with normally functioning immune systems. Only about 10 % of latent tuberculosis results in disease, progressive primary or postprimary. Tuberculosis mainly affects lungs, but the infection can spread to other organs, such as lymph nodes, pleura, bones, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, pericard and genitourinary tract. If infected person's immune system isn't adequate as in HIV infection or other causes of immunosuppressions, disseminated tuberculosis occurs. Systemic features of tuberculosis are related to the infection per se and include fever, malaise, weight loss, hematologic and metabolic disorders. Local clinical manifestations are determined by the organs involved.
Izvleček		Tuberkuloza je nalezljiva bolezen, ki je pomemben vzrok obolevnosti in smrtnosti po vsem svetu. Ocenjujejo, da je z Myobacterium tuberculosis, povzročiteljem tuberkuloze, v svetu okuženih dve milijardi ljudi. Vsako leto zboli za tuberkulozo osem milijonov ljudi, dva milijona jih umre. Myobacterium tuberculosis se prenaša preko zraka s kužnim aerosolom, ki ga izkašljajo bolniki s tuberkulozo. Začetna okužba v pljučih se pri osebah z normalnim imunskim sistemom običajno zameji, nastane latentna tuberkuloza. Le pri 10 % ljudi z latentno tuberkulozo se razvije aktivna bolezen, takoj po okužbi ali kasneje v življenju. Tuberkuloza običajno prizadene pljuča, lahko pa se širi tudi v druge organe, kot so bezgavke, plevra, kosti, centralni živčni sistem, gastrointestinalni trakt, peritonej, perikard in genitourinarni trakt. Če je imunski odgovor okužene osebe neustrezen, kot na primer pri okuženih s HIV ali drugih imunosupresivnih stanjih, se razvije diseminirana tuberkuloza. Sistemski simptomi in znaki so posledica same okužbe in vključujejo vročino, izčrpanost, izgubo teže, hematološke in metabolne motnje. Lokalni simptomi in znaki so odvisni od prizadetega organa.
Deskriptorji		TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS