Avtor/Urednik		Fleischmann, William Robert; Wu, Tzu G
Naslov		Development of a vaccine against cancers
Prevedeni naslov		Razvoj cepiva proti raku
Tip		članek
Vir		Med Razgl
Vol. in št.		Letnik 43, št. Suppl 5
Leto izdaje		2004
Obseg		str. 51-61
Jezik		eng
Abstrakt		A novel method for the development of a cancer vaccine has been developed, using mouse tumor model systems. This method involves the use of long-term (1 week) in vitro interferon treatment of parental cancer cells to create cancer vaccine cells. These cancer vaccine cells are then inactivated by irradiation and inoculated as a vaccine into mice. Vaccinated mice are activated to develop tumor immunity against the live parental tumor. Optimisation studies show that vaccine efficacy is dependent upon the interferon concentration to which the cancer vaccine cells are exposed, with 3,000 units/ml of interferon providing the most efficacious level of tumor immunity; upon the number of vaccine cells/vaccination, with 106 cells/vaccination providing the best level of tumor immunity; and, upon the number of vaccinations, with 4 or more vaccinations providing significant tumor immunity. The tumor immunity develops as a true adaptive immune response, since it exhibits memory, ability to be boosted by a booster, ability to have a systemic effect and specificity for the type of tumor used as the vaccine. Cell types required for the development of tumor immunity include macrophages, CD8+ cells, NK cells and CD4+ cells, but not B cells. The method for cancer vaccine development has been applied to two other tumors in two different mouse strains, suggesting that it may be generally applicable. The cancer vaccine is able to cure tumor-bearing mice of their tumors as well as to prevent the development of tumors.
Izvleček		Avtorji poročajo o razvoju nove metode za izvedbo antitumorskega cepljenja, ki so jo uspešno preskusili na miših. Za izdelavo cepilnih celic so izvorne tumorske celice najprej teden dni gojili in vitro z interferonom, nato pa so jih obsevali z ionizirajočimi žarki. Inaktivirane tumorske celice so nato vbrizgali poskusnim živalim. Cepljene miši so razvile protitumorsko imunost proti starševskemu tumorju. Ugotovili so, da je učinkovitost cepiva odvisna od koncentracije interferona, ki so mu bile rakave cepilne celice izpostavljene. Najučinkovitejši odmerek interferona je bil 3000 enot interferona na ml celičnega gojišča. Najprimernejše število cepilnih celic za en cepilni odmerek, ki je sprožil najboljši imunski odziv, je bil 106 celic. S štirimi ponovljenimi cepljenji so dosegli pomembno raven antitumorske imunosti. Nastala antitumorska imunost ima vse pomembne značilnosti imunskega odziva, saj vzpodbudi razvoj imunskega spomina, ki ga lahko ojačamo s ponovljenim odmerkom. Razvijeta se sistemski učinek in specifična učinkovitost glede na vrsto tumorja, proti kateremu je cepivo uporabljeno. Celice, ki so potrebne za razvoj antitumorske imunosti, so makrofagi, celice T CD8+, celice NK in celice T CD4+, ne pa celice B. Da bi potrdili splošno uporabnost načina, so metodo uporabili še pri dveh drugih tumorjih na dveh drugih mišjih sevih. Ugotovili so, da so na opisan način pripravljeno cepivo, velikost in število odmerkov primerni tako za zdravljenje kot tudi za preprečitev nastanka določenih mišjih tumorjev.
Deskriptorji		CANCER VACCINES MICE NEOPLASMS INTERFERON-ALPHA T-LYMPHOCYTES IMMUNOTHERAPY