Avtor/Urednik		Novaković, Srdjan
Naslov		A brief overview of the current status of tumor vaccines and our experience in this line of work
Prevedeni naslov		Kratek pregled tumorskih cepiv in naše izkušnje
Tip		članek
Vir		Med Razgl
Vol. in št.		Letnik 43, št. Suppl 5
Leto izdaje		2004
Obseg		str. 63-8
Jezik		eng
Abstrakt		Tumor vaccines represent a category of biological (immune) therapies through which we try to trigger an effective systemic immune response against tumor antigens and thus against all cancer cells. Accordingly, the effect of tumor vaccines depends upon: ◆ presence/absence of recognizable tumor antigens, ◆ presence of co-stimulatory molecules, which cooperate in the activation of effector cells, ◆ presenting of antigens and co-stimulatory molecules to the effector cells, ◆ development of specific immunity, and ◆ development of mechanisms by which tumor cells escape immune surveillance. With regard to the basic principles of vaccine development and their expected activity, tumor vaccines can be divided into two subclasses: ◆ first-generation vaccines which are based on the principles of classical immunology - i. e. classical rumor vaccines, and ◆ second-generation vaccines which are based on the principles of molecular immunology genetically modified and recombinant tumor vaccines. This article gives a short review of the major concepts for the development of tumor vaccines, as well as of ongoing research at the Institute of Oncology.
Izvleček		Tumorska cepiva predstavljajo obliko biološkega (imunskega) zdravljenja, s katerim poskušamo sprožiti učinkovit sistemski imunski odgovor proti tumorskim antigenom in rakastim celicam nasploh. Zato je učinkovitost delovanja cepiv odvisna od: ◆ prisotnosti/odsotnosti značilnih in razpoznavnih tumorskih antigenov, ◆ prisotnosti kostimulatornih molekul, ki se konstitutivno izražajo samo na predstavitvenih celicah in so nujne za aktivacijo efektorskih celic, ◆ dostopnosti tumorskih antigenov in kostimulatornih molekul za efektorske celice, ◆ učinkovitosti razvoja specifične imunosti in nastanka imunskega spomina ter ◆ razvoja cele vrste procesov, s katerimi se tumorske celice izognejo delovanju imunskega sistema. Glede na osnovne principe, na katerih temelji priprava in delovanje tumorskih cepiv, le-te v grobem delimo na: ◆ tumorska cepiva prve generacije - klasična tumorska cepiva in ◆ tumorska cepiva druge generacije ali gensko spremenjena in rekombinantna cepiva. Klasična tumorska cepiva so ponavadi pripravljena iz obsevanih tumorskih celic in nespecifičnih imunomodulatorjev. Priprava gensko spremenjenih tumorskih cepiv pa ne temelji nujno na uporabi tumorskih celic, temveč je za vse značilna genska manipulacija, ki naj bi potencirala natančno definirane lastnosti odvisne od vnešenega gena (oz. od proteinov, ki jih vnešeni gen kodira). V kratkem pregledu bom predstavil osnovne pristope k pripravi tumorskih cepiv in rezultate našega raziskovalnega dela na tem področju.
Deskriptorji		CANCER VACCINES IMMUNOTHERAPY NEOPLASMS ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC VACCINES, SYNTHETIC ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM