Avtor/Urednik		Benedik, Emil
Naslov		Ocenjevanje osebnosti v sodobnem izvedenstvu
Prevedeni naslov		Assessment of personality in forensic expertise
Tip		članek
Vir		Rev Krim Kriminol
Vol. in št.		Letnik 55, št. 4
Leto izdaje		2004
Obseg		str. 395-402
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		Assessment of personality is an important, if not the principal component of psychological expert opinion. The way an individual experiences the world and himself, his interpersonal relationships and his behaviour, are the expression of personality, presenting a totality of relatively stable human psychological characteristics. It is on the individual's personality that his adaptability and efficacy in different social environments, such as family and professional environments, depends. If we want to explain the psychological meaning of an individual's acts, his capacities to discern reality, the influence of mental disorders and injuries, the impact of traumatic events and other questions posed to the mental health experts, it is necessary to know the personality of a perpetrator. Mental health and legal professionals are confronted with a concept of personality mainly when dealing with people with personality disorders. In order to understand the significance and impact of mental troubles on the experience and functioning of an individual, we should know his personality as a totality. This is a task for a clinical or forensic psychology expert, who by the use of various measurement methods and techniques, makes an assessment of personality, his characteristics and disorders. The term assessment is used because there is always an approximation of measurement, since measurement in psychology, as in other human sciences, is based on objective as well as subjective procedures, providing qualitative and quantitative results. Assessment of personality is a demanding and complex process, requiring knowledge of general psychology, psychopathology, psychodynamics, statistical and psychological methodology and in the case of forensic expertise, also a certain amount of legislalion. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters).
Izvleček		Ocena osebnosti je pomemben, če ne že glavni sestavni del psihološkega izvedenskega mnenja. Doživljanje sveta in samega sebe, medosebni odnosi in vedenje posameznika so izraz osebnosti, ki porneni celoto relativno trajnih človekovih psihičnih značilnosti. Od osebnosti posameznika je odvisna njegova prilagojenost in učinkovitost v različnih socialnih okoljih, kot sta družinsko in delovno. Če želimo razložiti psihološki pomen dejanj posameznika, njegovo zmožnost presoje realnosti, vpliv duševnih motenj in poškodb, vpliv travmatskih dogodkov in druga vprašanja, ki so zastavljena izvedencem psibološke in psihiatrične stroke, je treba poznati osebnost udeleženca. S pojmom osebnosti se psihiatrija in pravna stroka srečujeta predvsem pri obravnavanju t. i. motenih osebnosti. Če želimo razurneti pomen in vpliv psihičnih težav na doživljanje in delovanje posameznika, moramo poznati osebnost kot celoto. To pa je naloga kliničnega oz. forenzičnega psihologa izvedenca, ki z uporabo različnih merskih metod in tehnik oceni osebnost, njene značilnosti oz. motnje. O oceni govorimo, ker gre vedno za približek merjenja, saj merjenje v psihologiji kakor tudi v drugih »humanističnih« strokah temelji na objektivnih in subjektivnih postopkih, ki dajejo kvalitativne in kvantitativne rezultate. Ocena osebnosti je zahteven in kompleksen postopek, ki zahteva poznavanje splošne psihologije, psihopatologije, psihodinamike, statistične in psihološke metodologije in v primeru sodnega izvedenstva tudi del zakonodaje. Kakovostna ocena osebnosti je odvisna od številnih dejavnikov, kot so: a) narava problema, ki ga je potrebno oceniti v okviru osebnosti; b) značilnosli uporabljenih merskih instrumentov; c) usposobljenost ocenjevalca, da pravilno interpretira in integrira rezultate v okviru zastavljenega problema ter d) značilnosti ocenjevanca.
Deskriptorji		FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY EXPERT TESTIMONY PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT PERSONALITY DISORDERS PERSONALITY TESTS