Avtor/Urednik		Urlep-Žužej, D; Mičetić-Turk, D; Dolinšek, J
Naslov		Vitamini in minerali pri kronični vnetni črevesni bolezni otrok in mladostnikov
Prevedeni naslov		Vutamins and minerals in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Tip		članek
Vir		Slov Pediatr
Vol. in št.		Letnik 13, št. Suppl 1
Leto izdaje		2006
Obseg		str. 73-86
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		Background. Children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease are frequently malnourished and have delayed growth and pubertal development. Malnutrition, in general, may result from several mechanisms; inadequate intake, malabsorption, increased losses and increased requirements. In addition to general malnutrition, children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease suffer from several specific nutrient deficiencies, such as protein deficiency and vitamin, mineral and trace element deficiencies. Anaemia and inflammatory bowel disease is caused by deficiencies of iron, vitamin B [below] 12 and folic acid. Special attention should be paid to deficiencies of vitamin D, calcium and vitamin K, which lead to metabolic bone disease in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Vitamin D also plays an important role as an immunomodulator in the diminished Th-1 immune response in Crohn's disease. Conclusions. The most common and the most important specific nutritional deficiencies in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease are reported in this article. It is very important to diagnose these nutritional deficiencies, such as deficiencies of proteins, vitamins and minerals, at the time of diagnosis and to treat them as soon as possible. Only by this approach can an adequate nutritional status, normal growth, development and sexual maturation of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease be achieved. The appropriate nutritional management also contributes to diminished inflammatory activity in the gut mucosa.
Izvleček		Izhodišča. Otroci in mladostniki s kronično vnetno črevesno boleznijo, predvsem s Crohnovo bolezijo, so pogosto podhranjeni ter zaostajajo v rasti in pubertetnem razvoju. Podhranjenost povzročijo nezadosten vnos hranilnih snovi,malabsorpcija, povečane izgube hranilnih snovi ter povečane kalorične in prehranske potrebe. Poleg splošne podhranjenosti pride pri otrocih in mladostnikih s kronično vnetno črevesno boleznijo tudi do specifičnih prehranskih pomanjkanj, kot so beljakovinsko pomanjkanje, pomanjkanje v maščobi topnih vitaminov, mineralov, vototopnih vitaminov in elementov v sledovih. Pomanjkanje železa, vitamina B [spodaj] 12 in folne kisline so vzrokza pojav anemije. Posebno pozornost moramo nameniti pomanjkanju vitamina D, kalcija in vitamina K, ki povzročajo presnovno bolezen kosti. Vitamin D ima tudi zelo pomembno vlogo kot imunomodulator v zmanjšanju Th-1 imunskega odziva pri Crohnovi bolezni. Zaključki. V prispevku so navedena najpogostejša in najpomembnejša specifična prehranska pomanjkanja pri otrocih in mladostnikih s kronično vnetno črevesno boleznijo. Zelo pomembno je, da že ob postavitvi diagnoze ocenimo in diagnosticiramo prehranska pomanjkanja, predvsem pomanjkanja beljakovin, v maščobi topnih vitaminov, mineralov ter elementov v sledovih ter čim prej uvedemo ustrezno nadomeščanje. Le na ta način lahko zagotovimo normalno prehranjenost ter rast in razvoj otrok in mladostnikov s kronično vnetno črevesno boleznijo. Pravilna prehranska podpora prispeva tudi k zmanjšanju vnetne aktivnosti v sluznici prebavil.
Deskriptorji		INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES VITAMINS MINERALS CHILD NUTRITION NUTRITION DISORDERS CHILD ADOLESCENCE ANEMIA OSTEOPOROSIS OSTEOMALACIA