| Abstrakt | | Background: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) represent a rapidly growing health problem which is gaining on importance especially in more developed parts of the world, also in Slovenia. The respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic bronchitis and allergic respiratory diseases that are affecting airflow are becoming more and more important already in early childhood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the geographical distribution and patterns of chronic respiratory diseases in population of pupils in Municipality Koper of south-western Slovenia in order to identify high risk areas and possible causes. Methods: To assess the distribution of cases, the data from previous epidemiological study Prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases among children from variously polluted areas of the municipality of Koper (2003) were processed. Spatial analyses were used with an intention of identifying and assessing geographical patterns of CRD in Koper. Exploratory Data Analysis methods (EDA), Global Moran's I and Moran Local Indicators of Spatial Associations were used to test for evidence of global and local spatial clustering, respectively. Results: The Global Moran test of spatial autocorrelation for sample revealed significant clustering (P = 0.0211). The Local Moran test of spatial auto-correlations adjusted for rates variability using both boundary and k-nearest neighbor weights was significant at the spatial scale identifying few local communities (P < 0.05).'Sveti Anton' district had significant Moran LISA value (P = 0.0454) anddefines a core of a spatial cluster extending into neighboring districts Marezige', 'Dekani', 'Pobegi-Cezarji' and 'Vanganel'. Conclusions: The study identified spatial patterns in distribution of CRD rates. The study showed that there is benefit in performing gradual spatial analyses to better define and assess geographical patterns in disease distribution of small area studies.
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| Izvleček | | Izhodišče: Kronične bolezni dihal so naraščajoč zdravstveni problem, s katerimse srečujemo v razvitih okoljih, torej tudi v Sloveniji. Pri tem se bolezni, kot so astma, kronični bronhitis ali različne alergijske bolezni, ki se kažejo s prizadetostjo dihalnih poti, neredko pokažejo že zelo zgodaj v otroštvu. Cilj študije je bil raziskati geografske vzorce bolezni dihal med učenci 1. do 4. razreda v mestni občini (MO) Koper, ki leži v jugozahodni Sloveniji. Metode: Podatke o razporeditvi obolelih smo dobili z obdelavo vprašalnikov raziskave Proučevanje vpliva okolja na pojav določenih bolezni in povečano stopnjo umrljivosti prebivalcev na območju dela Mestne občine Koper iz leta 2003. Za iskanje geografskih vzorcev pojavljanja primerov smo uporabili metode prostorske statistične analize, metodo glajenja, analizo kopičenja (globalne indekse prostorske avtokorelacije) in analizo gruč (lokalne indekse prostorske avtokorelacije). Rezultati: Globalni test Moran I je nakazal statistično značilno kopičenje primerov (Globalni Moran p=0.0211). Lokalni test prostorske avtokorelacije Moran I, prilagojen za variabilnost stopenj zbolevnosti, je pokazal statistično značilne rezultate (p <0,05) za območje krajevnih skupnosti (KS) 'Sveti Anton' (lokalni Moran p = 0,0454), ki s statistično značilnostjo in pozitivno prostorsko avtokorelacijo opredeljuje jedro gruče, ki sega v okoliške KS 'Marezige', 'Dekani', 'Pobegi-Čežarji' in 'Vanganel'. Zaključki: Študija je vizualno prikazala in statistično potrdila prostorsko kopičenje z višjo stopnjo zbolevnosti dihalnih poti na območju MO Koper. Ugotovili smo, da je prostorska analiza primeren postopek, ker na tak način lažje opredelimo in določimo geografske vzorce porazdelitve bolezni.
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