Avtor/Urednik		Alexander, Jan; Benford, Diane J; Boobis, Alan; Ceccatelli, Sandra; Cravedi, Jean-Pierre; Di Domenico, Alessandro; Doerge, Daniel; Dogliotti, Eugenia; Edler, Lutz; Filipič, Metka
Naslov		Scientific Opinion on marine biotoxins in shellfish - Emerging toxins: Ciguatoxin group: EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain
Tip		monografija
Kraj izdaje		Parma
Založnik		European Food Safety Authority
Leto izdaje		2010
Obseg		str. 38
Jezik		eng
Abstrakt		The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) assessed the risks to human health related to the consumption of ciguatoxin (CTX)-group toxins in fish. CTX-group toxins occur in fish as a result of biotransformation of precursor gambiertoxins produced by the benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus. CTX-group toxins cause ciguatera fish poisoning. They are mainly found in Pacific, Caribbean and Indian Ocean regions and are classified as Pacific (P), Caribbean (C) and Indian Ocean (I) CTX-group toxins. Recently CTX-group toxins were identified for the first time in fish in Europe. Currently there are no regulatory limits for CTX-group toxins in fish in Europe, but the regulation requires that no fish products containing CTX-group toxins are placed on the market. The toxicological database for CTX-group toxins is limited, comprising mostly acute toxicity studies. In view of the acute toxicity of CTX-group toxins the CONTAM Panel considered establishing an acute reference dose (ARfD). However, due to the very limited quantitative data both in experimental animals as well as relatedto human intoxications, the CONTAM Panel concluded that the establishment of an oral ARfD was not possible. Based on case reports on humanintoxications it appears that a concentration of 0.01 micro g P-CTX-1 equivalents/kg fish is expected not to exert effects in sensitive individuals when consuming a single fish meal. The mouse bioassay (MBA) has been widely used to detect CTX-group toxins. However, due to insufficient detection capability and ethical concerns the MBA is not considered an appropriate method. In vitro (cytotoxicity and receptor binding) assays have been developed as alternative, but they need further development. (Abs. trunc. at 2000 ch.)