Avtor/Urednik		Neri, Luca; Prosen, Gregor; Grmec, Štefek
Naslov		Ultrazvok pljuč
Prevedeni naslov		Lung ultrasound
Tip		članek
Vir		In: Gričar M, Vajd R, editors. Urgentna medicina: izbrana poglavja 2010. Zbornik 17. mednarodni simpozij o urgentni medicini; 2010 jun 9-12; Portorož. Ljubljana: Slovensko združenje za urgentno medicino,
Leto izdaje		2010
Obseg		str. 100-4
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		Lung ultrasound (LUS) is rapidly developing new aplication of ultrasound, most useful in initial assesment and aproach to critically ill or injured. For decades, a belief was held widely, that lungs can not be seen as air renders it impermeable. But recently it has become obvious that LUS is ultrasound of artefacts and an explosion of potential uses have errupted. Normal and diseased lungs give specific ultrasound artefact footprints and thus indirectly pointing to its presence of absece. LUS footprint of normal lungs consists of horizontal A Iines and obvious lung sliding at pleural line. Lack of pleural sliding is suspicious for presence of pneumothorax, but its most specific sign is lung point that points to it's border. One can use M-mode as an aid in diagnosing pneumothorax. Numerous vertical lines arising from pleural line most probably point to pulmonary edema (if present bilateraly) or pneumonia (localy). LUS can also diagnose presence of fluid in thoracic cavity. LUS has become part of primary exam of injured patient (E-FAST), and Lichtenstein has proposed BLUE protocol to approach a patient in respiratory distress.
Izvleček		Ultrazvok (UZ) pljuč je hitro se razvijajoča nova aplikacija ultrazvoka, predvsem pri obravnavi kritično bolnega ali poškodovanega. Desetletja je veljalo, da ultrazvok ni primeren za pregled pljuč, ker ga zrak ne prepušča, a najpomembnejše za eksplozijo novih uporabnosti je bilo spoznanje, da je UZ pljuč v bistvu ultrazvok artefaktov in se s tem pomembno razlikuje od ultrazvočnih preiskav drugih delov telesa. Tako normalna pljuča, kot mnoga patološka stanja dajejo specifične odtise artefaktov ultrazvočne slike in s tem posredno kažejo na patologijo oz. nje odsotnost. Normalen UZ izvid pljuč so horizontalne A črte (artefakti) ter očitno plevralno polzenje v ravnini tik pod rebri. Odsotnost plevralnega polzenja je značilno za pnevmotoraks, zanj specifičen pa je znak pljučne točke, ki točno nakaže rob pnevmotoraksa. Za diagnozo pnevmotoraksa si pomagamo tudi z M-mode. Vertikalne črte najverjetneje kažejo na pljučni edem (če so prisotne obojestransko spredaj) ali pljučnico (če so prisotne le lokalno). Seveda nam UZ pomaga tudi pri diagnostiki fluidotoraksa. UZ pljuč je postal del primarnega pregleda poškodovanca.
Deskriptorji		LUNG EMERGENCY MEDICINE