Avtor/Urednik		Strojan-Fležar, Margareta
Naslov		Urine and bladder washing cytology for detection of urothelial carcinoma: standard test with new possibilities
Prevedeni naslov		Citološka preiskava urina in izpirka sečnega mehurja pri ugotavljanju urotelijskega karcinonma: standardni test in nove možnosti
Tip		članek
Vir		Radiol Oncol
Vol. in št.		Letnik 44, št. 4
Leto izdaje		2010
Obseg		str. 207-14
Abstrakt		Background. Light microscopic evaluation of cell morphology in preparations from urine or bladder washing containing exfoliated cells is a standard and primary method for the detection of bladder cancer and also malignancy from other parts of the urinary tract. The cytopathologic examination is a valuable method to detect an early recurrence of malignancy or new primary carcinoma during the follow-up of patients after the treatment of bladder cancer. Conclusions. Characteristic cellular and nuclear signs of malignancy indicate invasive or in situ urothelial carcinoma or high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. However, low sensitivity of the method reflects the unreliable cytopathologic diagnosis of low-grade urothelial neoplasms as cellular and nuclear signs of malignancy in these neoplasms are poorly manifested. Many different markers were developed to improve the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma on urinary samples. UroVysion(TM) test is among the newest and most promising tests. By the method of in situ hybridization one can detect specific cytogenetic changes of urothelial carcinoma.