Avtor/Urednik		Stopar Pintarič, Tatjana; Cvetko, Erika; Štrbenc, Malan; Miš, Katarina; Podpečan, Ožbalt; Marš, Tomaž; Hadžić, Admir
Naslov		Intraneural and perineural inflammatory changes in piglets after injection of ultrasound gel, endotoxin, 0.9% NaCl, or needle insertion without injection
Tip		članek
Vol. in št.		Letnik 118, št. 4
Leto izdaje		2014
Obseg		str. 869-873
ISSN		0003-2999 - Anesthesia and analgesia
Jezik		eng
Abstrakt		BACKGROUND: Ultrasound gel nerve inflammation has been reported. We evaluated the extentand nature of inflammation after gel injection with endotoxin (positive), saline, or dry needlepuncture (negative) controls after peripheral blocks in piglets. METHODS: Selected nerves of 12 piglets were localized by landmarks and nerve stimulator. Forty-eight hours after injection, specimens were examined for immunohistochemical cell differentiation/quantification and cytokine expression by using quantitative polymerase chainreaction. RESULTS: Both gel and endotoxin injections resulted in a significantly higher density of inflammatorycells (lymphocytes/granulocytes) as compared with needle insertions and/or salineinjections (both P < 0.001). Cytokines were not detected in any of the specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Perineural gel injections cause significant inflammation. The lack of cytokinessuggests injectate-related changes rather than mechanical trauma.
Proste vsebinske oznake		ultrasound gel nerve inflammation endotoxin