Avtor/Urednik		Verkhratsky, Alexei; Parpura, Vladimir
Naslov		Calcium signalling and calcium channels
Tip		članek
Vol. in št.		Letnik 739
Leto izdaje		2014
Obseg		str. 1-3
ISSN		1879-0712 - European journal of pharmacology
Jezik		eng
Abstrakt		Calcium as a divalent cation was selected early in evolution as a signaling molecule to be used by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Its low cytosolic concentration likely reflects the initial concentration of this ion in the primordial soup/ocean as unicellular organisms were formed. As the concentration of calcium in the ocean subsequently increased, so did the diversity of homeostatic molecules handling calcium. This includes the plasma membrane channels that allowed the calciumentry, as well as extrusion mechanisms, i.e., exchangers and pumps. Further diversification occurred with the evolution of intracellular organelles, in particular the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, which also contain channels, exchanger(s) and pumps to handle the homeostasis of calciumions. Calcium signalling system, based around coordinated interactions of the above molecular entities,can be activated by the opening of voltage-gated channels, neurotransmitters, second messengers and/or mechanical stimulation, and as such is all-pervading pathway in physiology and pathophysiology of organisms.
Proste vsebinske oznake		calcium evolution prokaryotes eucaryotes channels transporters