Avtor/Urednik		Strle, F; Maraspin-Čarman, V; Furlan-Lotrič, S; Ružić-Sabljić, E; Pleterski-Rigler, D; Cimperman, J
Naslov		Epidemiološke značilnosti lymske borelioze v Sloveniji
Prevedeni naslov		Epidemiological features of Lyme borreliosis in Slovenia
Tip		članek
Vir		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. in št.		Letnik 64, št. 3
Leto izdaje		1995
Obseg		str. 145-50
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		Background. Epidemiological features of Lyme borreliosis (LB) in Slovenia are presented. First isolations of Borrelia burgdorferi from material of Slovene patients succeeded in 1988 while first isolates from ticks were obtained as late as 1993. All three Borrelia species causing LB were found: B. afzelii, B. garinii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Data on the animal reservoir are relatively modest. Borrelial antibodies were found in blood of mice Apodemus as well as deer. Ixodes ricinus ticks have been found to be infected in all geographical regions examined till now. The highest proportion of infection was found in the vicinity of Ljubljana (almost 50 percent of adult ticks and one third of nymphs). LB affects both sexes and all age groups; the incidence is the highest between 30 and 50 years. The onset of LB is temporary connected with the activity of ticks. The most pronounced seasonal distribution is seen in erythema migrans, i. e. an early manifestation of LB. LB is present all over Slovenia. Persons with high tick exposure have higher risk for infection. However, chances for infection after a single tick bite are higher in a person with a low number of bites than in a person who experiences tick bites often. Conclusions. The true incidence and prevalence of LB in Slovenia (and also in other countries) are not well defined. For more reliable results standardised and more dependable (serological) tests for demonstration of borrelial infection would be needed as well as tests that would distinguish between recent and long lasting infection, and between active and inactive infection.
Izvleček		Izhodišča. Opisane so glavne epidemiološke značilnosti lymske borelioze (LB) v Sloveniji. Prva izolacija Borreliae burgdorferi iz materiala slovenskih bolnikov je uspela leta 1988, iz klopov pa šele leta 1993. Pri nas so prisotne vse tri vrste povzročiteljev LB: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii in B. garinii. živalski rezervoar je razmeroma slabo raziskan. Borelijska protitelesa so ugotovili tako v krvi miši Apodemus kot tudi srnjadi in jelenjadi. Klopi Ixodes ricinus so bili okuženi v vseh doslej pregledanih območjih. Največji delež okuženih klopov je ugotovljen na obrobju Ljubljane (skoraj 50 odst. odraslih klopov in tretjina nimf). Za LB zbolevajo tako ženske kot moški v vseh starostnih obdobjih. Zbolevnost je največja med 30. in 50. letom. Pojav LB je vezan na aktivnost klopov. Najbolj izrazito sezonsko pojavljanje se pokaže pri erythema migrans, to je pri zgodnji manifestaciji bolezni. LB se javlja po vsej Sloveniji. Največ okužb je pri osebah, ki so klopom najbolj izpostavljene, nevarnost za okužbo po vbodu enega klopa pa je večja pri osebah, ki imajo klopov malo, kot pri tistih s številnimi vbodi. Zaključki. Podobno kot v drugih državah tudi v Sloveniji prava incidenca in prevalenca LB nista znani. Za boljše podatke bi potrebovali standardizirane (serološke) metode za dokazovanje borelijske okužbe in dodatne teste, s katerimi bi ločili svežo okužbo od zastarane oziroma aktivno okužbo od neaktivne.
Deskriptorji		LYME DISEASE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI INCIDENCE SLOVENIA ERYTHEMA CHRONICUM MIGRANS AGE FACTORS SEX FACTORS SEASONS TICKS BITES AND STINGS