Avtor/Urednik		Zemljič Jokhadar, Špela; Klančnik, Urška; Grundner, Maja; Švelc, Tjaša; Vrhovec, Saša; Liović, Mirjana; Derganc, Jure
Naslov		GPMVs in variable physiological conditions
Tip		članek
Vol. in št.		, št. Vol. 11
Leto izdaje		2018
Obseg		str. 1-12
ISSN		2046-2069 - RSC advances
Jezik		eng
Abstrakt		Background: Cell based carriers are increasingly recognized as a good system for cargo delivery to cells. One of the reasons is their biocompatibility and low toxicity c ompared to artificial systems. Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMV) derive from the cell plasma membrane. Thus they offer the closest approximation to it, which makes them good candidates for potential drug delivery systems. To evaluate the applicability of GPMVs as carriers, we analyzed their basic biophysical properties to test their robustness in the face of changeable physiological conditions, as well as their ability to translocate across the membrane into cells. Results: GPMVs formed from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) sustain a drastic osmotic challenge (50 % 500 mOsmoL/kg) unlike giant unilamelar vesicles (GUVs). In hyper-osmotic solutions the average volume decreases and membrane invaginations form, while in the hypo-osmolar buffer the volume of GPMVs increases and these changes were not reversible. The membranes o f flaccid GPMVs started to wrinkle unevenly giving rise to buds after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The shape changes in GUVs are reversible in contrast to GPMVs after LPS removal. GPMVs exposed to fluorescent LPS exhibited a signal that remained visible in some GPMVs even after LPS removal, which was never the case with GUVs. Calcein penetrated both into GUVs and GPMVs, however after the removal from the bulk solution some of the GPMVs still exhibited very bright signal, while in GUVs only a weak fluorescent signal was detected. We could also see that practically all GPMVs incorporated dextran initially, but after the dextran solution was changed with the initial non-fluorescent solution it remained only in 20% of them. The majority of HUVEC cells displayed a fluorescent signal after the incubation with GPMVs that contained fluorescently labeled dextran. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that GPMVs beh ave quite differently from artificially made giant phospholipid vesicles and the changes induced by the different treatments we subjected them to are not r eversible. We also demonstrate that different substances can be both loaded into them and delivered into cells, so GPMVs may be of potential use as cargo/ therapy delivery systems.
Proste vsebinske oznake		osmotski stres lipopolisaharid vezikli osmotic stress lipopolysaccharide vesicles