Avtor/Urednik		Lešničar, Janko
Naslov		Poliomielitis - še vedno izziv našega časa: ob 40-letnici prvega cepljenja proti poliomielitisu v Sloveniji
Prevedeni naslov		Poliomyelitis - a challenge of time: the 40th anniversay of poliovirus vaccination in Slovenia
Tip		članek
Vir		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. in št.		Letnik 66, št. 7-8
Leto izdaje		1997
Obseg		str. 443-9
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		At the beginning of the twentieth century poliomyelitis, known as an endemic disease, becames to presents in the form of large epidemics. In Slovenia, they were observed in 1953, 1956 and 1957 with 44 fatal out of 571 clinically manifested paralytic cases; these epidemics coincided with the development of the first usable poliovaccine. Immunization using a vaccine, developed by Salk from inactivated viruses, was first initiated in 1957. The mass vaccination campaigns during 1957 through 1960 resulted in a significant decrease of the morbidity rate. Since 1961 Sabin's attenuated vaccine, prepared from living, attenuated virus strains, was exclusively used. The last paralytic case was registered in Slovenia in 1962. The observation of 9 paralytic poliomyelitis cases in Slovenia 1978, and 66 cases in Albania, together with a small number of paralytic patients in Germany, the Netherlands, Canada and some Euro-Asian regions, where the disease had been absent for decades of years, clearly indicates the need for a strategy to eliminate apparent infections. Routine and continous mass infant immunization is therefore still needed. In 1988 the World Healrh Organization initiated efforts to eradicate, by the year 2000, the circulation of "wild" polioviruses in the population with the aim to eradicate the appearance of paralytic poliomyelitis cases as well. Mass vaccination campaigns and careful epidemeiological measures have contributed to the disappearance of the disease in many European, American, and African countries. However, poliovirus-free countries may still be contaminated with viruse penetrating from countries, where the viruses have still been present. This article describes in details the World Healh Ortanization 1995 strategy entitled "The goal 2000 - Poliomyelitis-free world".
Izvleček		V začetku dvajsetega stoletja so se po svetu pojavile velike epidemije poliomielitisa, te do takrat endemične bolezni. Slovenijo so zajele epidemije l. 1953, 1956 in l. 1957. Samo v teh letih je obolelo 571 in umrlo 44 bolnikov. Bolezen se je pojavila pri nas v velikem obsegu prav tedaj, ko je bilo izdelano cepivo proti poliomielitisu. Cepljenje s Salkovim cepivom, pripravljenim iz mrtvih poliovirusov, smo v Sloveniji prvič izvedli l. 1957. obolevnost za poliomielitisom je po sistematičnem množičnem cepljenju s Salkovim cepivom v letih 1957-1960 občutno padla. L. 1961 smo prešli na izkjlučno uporabo Sabinovega cepiva, pripravljenega iz žitivih virusov. L. 1962 smo zasledili v Sloveniji zadnjega bolnika s poliomielitisom. Pojav devetih primerov poliomielitisa v Sloveniji l. 1978 in 66 primerov l. 1996 v Albaniji ter nekaj epidemij in pojav manjših skupin bolnikov v zadnjih letih v nemčiji na Nizozemskem, v Kanadi in državah evroazijskega območja, t.j. deželah, ki te bolezni že desetletja niso poznale, predstavlja pomembno opozorilo, da ta bolezen še vedno ogroža. Zato moramo biti skrajno budni ter s cepljenji in drugimi preventivnimi ukrepi redno nadaljevali. Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (SZO) je l. 1988 sprožila pobudo, da bi do konca tega stoletja s skupnimi močmi izkoreninili "divji", t.j. naravni virus v vsej naravi ter tako zatrli poliomielitis. V zadnjih letih je po zaslugi nadzora in intenzivnih cepljenj v velikem številu dežel v Ameriki, Evropi in Afriki uspelo bolezen zatreti. Ker virus ni popolnoma iztrebljen vsepovsod, so neokužene dežele še vedno izpostavljene vdoru poliovirusov in dežel, kjer je bolezen endemična. Zato je v okuženih deželah potrebna vsestranska prizadevnost za izkoreninjenje poliovirusa. (izvleček prekinjen pri 2000 znakih.)
Deskriptorji		POLIOMYELITIS POLIOVIRUS VACCINE POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL VACCINATION CHILD