Avtor/Urednik		Ihan, Alojz
Naslov		Imunopatogeneza okužbe s HIV
Prevedeni naslov		Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection
Tip		članek
Vir		Med Razgl
Vol. in št.		Letnik 36, št. Suppl
Leto izdaje		1997
Obseg		str. 59-64
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		CD4+ T cells and monocytes are the primary target of HIV infection. The infection can not be efficiently erradicated by immune system because a part of infected cells carry a virus in proviral form as integrated viral DNA only. On the other hand, in productivelly infected cells, HIV is extremely efficiant in antigenic evading host immune response due to virus adaptability. Viral mutation leads to the development of more cytopathic viral strains. Immune system dysfunction may be due to both direct infection of cells and indirect effect of deteriorated immune reactions and defective immune regulation loops. The course of HIV infection is therefore strongly affected by cytokines and coinfection with other organisms (CMV EB, HSV, HBV); immune system activation may accelerate disease course.
Izvleček		Celice T pomagalke in monocitno-makrofagne celice so poglavitne tarče okužbe s HIV. Imunski sistem ne zmore učinkovito zatreti okužbe, ker je HIV v delu okuženih celic zgolj v provirusni obliki, ki je imunske celice ne morejo prepoznati. Po drugi strani pa se HIV v okuženih celicah, ki proizvajajo virusne beljakovine, izjemno učinkovito izmika imunski obrambi. Vzrok je izjemna zmožnost antigenskega spreminjanja virusa - v bolniku se zaradi številnih virusnih mutacij selekcionirajo vedno bolj patogeni virusni sevi. Okvare imunskega sistema nastajajo zaradi okvarjenega in zato pomanjkljivega delovanja okuženih celic, pa tudi zaradi porušenega sosledja normalnih imunskih reakcij in njihovih uravnalnih mehanizmov. V potek okužbe s HIV se zato močno vpleta delovanje uravnalnih molekul imunskega sistema-citokinov. Na potek okužbe močno vplivajo tudi okužbe z drugimi mikrobi (citomegalovirus, Epstein-Barrov virus, Herpes Simplex virus, virus hepatitisa B); sleherna aktivacija imunskih celic namreč pospeši napredovanje okužbe s HIV.
Deskriptorji		HIV INFECTIONS T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC MONOCYTES MACROPHAGES B-LYMPHOCYTES