Avtor/Urednik		Rodi, Zoran; Štraus, Ivan; Vesel, Miloš; Denić, Kata; Podnar, Simon; Vodušek, David B
Naslov		Intraoperative monitoring of bulbocavernosus reflex
Tip		članek
Vir		In: Hashimoto I, Kakigi R, editors. Recent advances in human neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 6th international evoked potentials symposium; 1998 Mar 21-25; Okazaki, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier science,
Leto izdaje		1998
Obseg		str. 909-16
Jezik		eng
Abstrakt		Background. Monitoring of bulbocavernous reflex (BCR) was reported to be a promising new tool to prevent intraoperative damage to conus medullaris and cauda equina spine and spinal cord surgery. This study was performed to further define the method, and assess the influence of anaesthetics. Methods. Forty neurologically unaffected patients (12 women and 28 men) with fractures of thoracolumbar spine were included. Anaesthesia was maintained with propofol and fentanyl; short-acting muscle relaxant was used during induction. The dorsal penile/clitoral nerve was stimulated though cup electrodes using trains of electrical stimuli. Recording were from the external anal sphincter using intramuscular wires. Results. BCR was elicited in 89% of men and 16% of women. In a subgroup of 20 men single stimuli evoked BCR in 55%, double stimuli in 75%, trains of three in 95%, and trains of four and five in 100%. Interstimulus intervals of 2-5 ms were shown to be equally efficient. Propofol doses and BCR amplitudes were negatively correlated. Conclusions. Trains of four stimuli with interstimulus intervals of 2-5 ms are the stimulation of choice for intraoperative BCR. Inadequate placement of recording electrodes - or in women inefficient stimulation - seemed to be the main reasins for absent BCRs in our study.
Deskriptorji		INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD SPINAL FRACTURES REFLEX LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS THORACIC VERTEBRAE LUMBAR VERTEBRAE PROPOFOL FENTANYL ANUS PENIS CLITORIS