Avtor/Urednik		Zupanič-Slavec, Zvonka
Naslov		Endemski sifilis med Slovenci v 1. polovici 19. stoletja
Prevedeni naslov		Endemic syphilis among Slovenians in the first half of the 19th century
Tip		članek
Vir		Zb Zgod Naravosl Teh
Vol. in št.		, št. 13-14
Leto izdaje		1998
Obseg		str. 247-60
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		During the first decades of the 19th century a disease appeared in the regions of Inner Carniola and Carst which was, due to its unusual course, at first considered a new entity. It spread among the population in an asexual, extragenital and endemic way and was conditioned by poor economic and hygienic circumstances. Since the clinical picture of the disease resembled sporadic syphilis, some doctors thought that it was a combination of syphilis and some other contagious disease, while others likened it to sporadic syphilis. The government in Vienna responded to the epidemic by the introduction of extensive social and health measures. Compulsory medical examination of all the inhabitants in the affected areas was decreed, treatment of patients was initiated and preventive measures recommended. The action was organised by Baron Dr. Stifft. In the summer of 1818 a specialised hospital for škrljevo's patients was opened in Postojna. When the epidemic declined a decade later the hospital was closed down. Extensive preventive and curative actions, and the efforts of local authorities and clergy to improve living conditions of the Slovenian peasant population and make them more aware of the seriousness and causes of the disease contributed to the decline of the epidemic. The example set by organisation of the official measured taken in the case of škrljevo disease can serve as a basis for a comparative medico-historical study regarding new epidemic diseases (AIDS, and diseases caused by slow viruses).
Izvleček		V prvih desetletjih 19. stoletja se je na Notranjskem in na Krasu pojavila bolezen, ki so jo zaradi nenavadnega poteka in endemičnega načina širjenja imeli za novo bolezensko entiteto. Med ljudmi se je širila na aseksualen in ekstragenitalen način in so jo pospeševale slabe ekonomske in higienske razmere. Ker je klinična slika bolezni bila podobna sporadičnemu sifilisu, so nekateri zdravniki mislili, da je kombinacija sifilisa in drugih nalezljivih bolezni, medtem ko so jo drugi enačili s sporadičnim sifilisom. Vlada na Dunaju je reagirala na epidemijo z uvedbo obširnih socialnih in zdravstvenih ukrepov. Predpisan je bil obvezen zdravniški pregled vseh prebivalcev prizadetega področja. Uvedeno je bilo obvezno zdravljenje bolnikov in priporočeni so bili preventivni ukrepi. Akcijo je organiziral baron dr. Stifft. Poleti 1818 je bila odprta posebna bolnišnica za t.i. škrljevske bolnike v Postojni. Zaprli so jo čez približno deset let, ko so bolezen prepoznali in je število obolelih precej upadlo. K upadanju epidemije je prispevalo obsežno preventivno in kurativno delovanje ter napor lokalnih oblasti in duhovščine za izboljšanje življenjskih razmer slovenskega kmečkega prebivalstva. Ti so se zavedali resnosti bolezni in njenih vzrokov. Primer škrljevske bolezni lahko služi kot zgled za dobro organizirano zdravstveno akcijo z vključitvijo socialnih in preventivnih ukrepov in nudi izhodišče za medicinsko-zgodovinsko študijo glede na nove epidemične bolezni (aids in bolezni, ki jih povzročajo počasni virusi).
Deskriptorji		SYPHILIS DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL HEALTH EDUCATION ENDEMIC DISEASES SLOVENIA