Avtor/Urednik		Rotar-Pavlič, Danica
Naslov		Ali hipotenzija v splošni/družinski medicini predstavlja pomemben problem
Prevedeni naslov		Does hypotension in general/family medicine present a significant problem?
Tip		članek
Vir		Zdrav Vars
Vol. in št.		Letnik 38, št. 9-10
Leto izdaje		1999
Obseg		str. 298-301
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		The expression low blood pressure, in professional vocabulary mostly called hypotension, is usually used only when the blood pressure drops so much that a reduced cerebral perfusion causes dizziness loss of consciousness, general weakness, tinnitus aurium and other symptoms. In Slovenia 5798 first visits with the diagnosis hypotension were registered in 1997 in general medicine, which presents 2 per mill of all the diagnoses, ascertained at first visit. In Germany as much as 17% of all the attendants of general medicine are reported to have low blood pressure. The most frequent form of hypotension is known as postural or orthostatic hypotension where the symptoms occur when the patient quickly assumes upright posture Irom the recumbent position. Postural hypotension of neurogenic origin appear most often in patients with diabetes, but can occur also in all patiens with autonomic neuropathy. Sometimes the hypotension is a clinical manifiestation of adverse effect of antidepriessants, sedatives, diuretics, nitrates, antihypertensives and antiparkinsonism drugs. In International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) the expression hypotension due to drugs is used for these cases. Acute hypotension due to reduced blood volume appears in states of shock (burns and injuries, myocardial infarction). A rare form of hypotension can appear in the suprarenal glands failure. Problems connected with unspecified hypotnsion occur most often in women and younger persons. In such persons the measured values of blood pressure cannot elucidate the appearance of symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness and headache. The treatment of hypotension depends on the ascertained cause.
Izvleček		Izraz nizek krvni tlak, ki ga v strokovnem besednjaku največkrat imenujemo hipotenzija, navadno uporabljamo le, kadar krvni tlak toliko pade da se zmanjša pretok krvi v možgane kar povzroči vrtoglavost, omedlevico, splošno šibkost, šumenje v ušesih in druge simptome. V Sloveniji smo v dejavnosti splošne medicine v letu 1997 beležili 5798 prvih obiskov z diagnozo hipotenzija, kar predtsavlja 2 promila vseh diagnoz, ki jih zdravnikl postavimo ob prvem obisku. V Nemčiji navajajo, da ima kar 17% vseh obiskovalcev ambulant splošne medicine nizek krvni tlak. Pri najpogostejši obliki hipotenzije, ki je znana kot posturalna oziroma ortostatska hipotenzija, se simptomi pojavijo, ko bolnik naglo vstane ali sede iz ležečega položaja. Posturalna hipotenzija nevrogenega izvora se najpogosteje pojavi pri Ijudeh s sladkomo boleznijo, lahko pa pri vseh, ki imajo avtonomno nevropatijo. Včasih je nezaželen stranski učinek antidepresivov, sedativov, diuretikov, nitratov, antihipertenzivov, antiparkinsonikov. V mednarodni klasifikaciji bolezni (MKB-10) se v tem primeru uporablja izraz hipotenzija zaradi zdravil. Akutna hipotenzija, ki jo povzroči zmanjšanje volumna krvi, se pojavlja v šokovnih stanjih (opekline in poškodbe, miokardni infarkt). Redka oblika akutne hipotenzije se pojavi, kadar odpovedo nadledvične žleze. Težave, ki so povezane z neopredeljeno hipotenzijo se pogosteje pojavljajo pri ženskah in pri mlajših. Pri takšnih osebah z izmerjenimi vrednostmi krvnega tlaka ne moremo pojasniti pojavljanja simptomov, kot so utrujenost, vrtoglavost in glavobol. Zdravljenje hipotenzije je odvisno od ugotovljenega vzroka.
Deskriptorji		HYPOTENSION HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC FAMILY PRACTICE