Avtor/Urednik		Žmitek, Andrej
Naslov		Vpliv duševnih motenj na sposobnost za hojo in plezanje v gorah
Prevedeni naslov		The influence of mental disorders on the ability to walk and climb in the mountains
Tip		članek
Vir		Med Razgl
Vol. in št.		Letnik 39, št. Suppl 11
Leto izdaje		2000
Obseg		str. 69-75
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		The author offers some basic guidelines for the assessment of the mountaineering ability of patients with mental disorders. First, newer ideas of human motivation for risk-taking behaviour are briefly mentioned. Then general criteria for assessment are reviewed: premorbid personality and secondary personality changes, course and outcome of the illness, the patient's awareness of the illness and his compliance with treatment, comorbid mental disorders and mountaineering experiences. The main groups of mental disorders are discussed separately: functional psychoses, mood disorders, neurotic and psychoreactive disorders, alcohol and drug dependence, psychoorganic disorders, mental handicaps and epilepsy. A short information on the negative influences of psychotropic drugs on the most relevant mental and physical abilities is given. Walking and climbing in the mountains can induce certain positive changes in the patient's mental state. However, in such an environment patients with mental disorders can be exposed to various hazards. When advising a patient with a mental disorder on his/her mountaineering ability, the physician must simultaneously think of the general and special criteria, as well as of objective difficulties. The cost-benefit ratio must be assessed for each patient individually.
Izvleček		V članku so podane osnovne smernice za ocenjevanje gorniške sposobnosti bolnikov z duševnimi motnjami. Po uvodu, kjer so omenjena novejša gledanja na človekovo motivacijo za tvegano vedenje, so navedeni splošni kriteriji, ki veljajo ne glede na vrsto duševne motnje. Ti so naslednji: predbolezenska osebnost in sekundarne osebnostne spremembe, značilnosti bolezenskega poteka, uvdevnost do bolezni, sodelovanje pri zdravljenju, odsotnost komorbidnih duševnih motenj in dosedanje gorniške izkušnje. V nadaljevanju so navedeni praktični nasveti za ocenjevanje gorniške sposobnosti bolnikov s funkcionalnimi psihotičnimi motnjami, razpoloženjskimi motnjami, nevrotskimi in psihoreaktivnimi motnjami, boleznimi odvisnosti, psihoorganskimi motnjami, duševno manjrazvitostjo in epilepsijo. Posebej so obravnavani negativni vplivi psihotropnih zdravil na psihofizično sposobnost. Avtor opozarja na ugodne učinke gorništva na duševnost, hkrati pa na nevarnosti, ki jim je oseba z duševno motnjo lahko izpostavljena v gorskem svetu. Zdravnik, ki svetuje osebi z duševno motnjo glede njene gorniške sposobnosti, mora situacijo ocenjevati celovito (splošni in posebni kriteriji ter objektivne danosti gorskega sveta). Hkrati mora v vsakem posameznem primeru oceniti razmerje med tveganjem in koristjo za bolnika.
Deskriptorji		MENTAL DISORDERS MOUNTAINEERING SAFETY PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS NEUROTIC DISORDERS SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE ORGANIC MENTAL DISORDERS, PSYCHOTIC