Avtor/Urednik		Pokorn, M
Naslov		Konjugirana pnevmokokna in meningokokna cepiva
Prevedeni naslov		Conjugate pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines
Tip		članek
Vir		Slov Pediatr
Vol. in št.		Letnik 9, št. 2-3
Leto izdaje		2002
Obseg		str. 168-72
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis are the major causative agents of invasive infections in children and adults. The increased antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci hampers the treatment of these infections. Until recently, only polysaccharide vaccines were available for the prevention of pneumococcal and meningococcal infections. These vaccines are not immunogenic in children < 2 years of age and do not induce immunological memory in vaccinated subjects. With the conjugation of the polysaccharide to a carrier protein new vaccines were developed that are effective in infants and induce immunological memory. Since 2000, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has been made available in the US. The vaccine effectively protects against invasive pneumococcal diseases and otitis media episodes, and reduces the pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carrier rate. In November 1999 routine immunisation of children with a meningococcal C conjugate vaccine was introduced in the UK. The vaccine effectively protects against invasive meningococcal disease and reduces the meningococcal carriage rate.
Izvleček		Streptococcus pneumoniae in Neisseria meningitidis sta poglavitna povzročitelja invazivnih okužb pri otrocih in odraslih. V zadnjih letih odpornost pnevmokokov na antibiotike narašča, kar otežuje uspešno zdravljenje teh okužb. Za preprečevanje pnevmokoknih in meningokoknih okužb so bila do nedavnega na voljo le polisaharidna cepiva, ki niso bila učinkovita pri otrocih, mlajših od dveh let. Pri cepljenih osebah niso vzbudila imunskega spomina. Z vezavo polisaharida na nosilno beljakovino pa so razvili konjugirana cepiva, ki so učinkovita tudi pri dojenčkih in vzbudijo imunski spomin. Od leta 2000 je v ZDA na voljo 7-valentno konjugirano pnevmokokno cepivo, ki učinkovito ščiti pred invazivnimi pnevmokoknimi okužbami. Pri cepljenih otrocih so opažali tudi manj epizod vnetij srednjega ušesa in manj nosilstva pnevmokoka v nosno-žrelnem prostoru. Od novembra 1999 so v Veliki Britaniji uvedli redno cepljenje vseh otrok s konjugiranim cepivom proti meningokokom skupine C, ki učinkovito varuje pred invazivnimi okužbami s to bakterijo, zmanjšuje pa tudi nosilstvo bakterije.
Deskriptorji		PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS VACCINES, CONJUGATE CHILD