Avtor/Urednik		Rott, Tomaž
Naslov		Epidemiologija, etiopatogeneza in histološka klasifikacija pljučnih tumorjev
Prevedeni naslov		Epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and histological classification of lung tumors
Tip		članek
Vir		Med Razgl
Vol. in št.		Letnik 41, št. 4
Leto izdaje		2002
Obseg		str. 289-312
Jezik		slo
Abstrakt		Lung cancer is the most frequent type of malignant disease among men. It is also the leading cause of cancer deaths among both men and women. Annually, there are over 8 million new cases and over one million deaths worldwide due to lung cancer. Smoking is a contributing factor in about 90% of men and 78% of women in these cases, while other cases are believed to be caused by occupational or environmental exposure to various noxious agents, pulmonary fibrosis and genetic factors. From 1995 to 1998, the incidence of lung cancer in Slovenia among men decreased from 88.3 to 82 per 100,000; there was also a decrease in the percentage of lung cancer among all malignant diseases, from 22 to 19%. During the same period, the incidence of lung cancer among women increased to 19 in 100,000, representing 5% of all malignant diseases. Limited lung cancer, locally spread lung cancer, lung cancer with distant metastases and undetermined stages of lung cancer represented 25%, 38%, 34% and 3% of cases, respectively. In 1998, 82.9% of lung cancer cases presented histologically as non-small cell lung cancer. Small-cell lung cancer with a very unfavorable prognosis was found in the remaining 17.1%. In the last two decades, the incidence of adenocarcinoma has increased. The overall 5-year survival rate was 8% for men and 10% for women, but over 60% for stage I of the disease. The latest classification of lung tumors distinguished other unfavorable histological types and subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer, such as pleomorphic and combined large cell neuroendocrine cancer, which represent about 10% of cases. Synchronous and metachronous double primary lung tumors were detected in 8.4% of cases in the lungs and at other locations in 11%, and triple primary tumors in 0.8% of cases. Various tumor and non-tumor synchronous multiple pathological changes in the lungs were found in 18% of cases.
Izvleček		Pljučni rak je najpogostejši malignom pri moških in glavni vzrok umrljivosti zaradi raka pri obeh spolih. Na svetu letno prizadene več kot 8 milijonov ljudi, umre pa jih več kot milijon. Kajenje ga povzroči pri moških v 90% in v 78% pri ženskah. Ostali vzroki so (ne)poklicna izpostavljenost škodljivim dejavnikom, brazgotinjenje v pljučih in genetski dejavniki. V Sloveniji sta se v letih 1995-98 pri moških znižala incidenca pljučnega raka z 88,3 na 82/100.000 in odstotek pljučnega raka med vsemi malignomi z 21 na 19 %; pri ženskah se je incidenca zvišala na 19/100.000 (5 % vseh malignomov). Odkrili so 25 % omejenih in 38 % lokalno razširjenih oblik pljučnega raka, pri 34 % so dokazali oddaljene zasevke, v 3 % razširjenosti niso ugotovili. Leta 1998 je imelo 82,9 % bolnikov različne oblike nedrobnoceličnega raka,17,1 % pa napovedno neugodni drobnocelični rak. V zadnjih letih predstavljata 10% napovedno neugodni vrsti nedrobnoceličnega raka, pleomorfni in kombinirani velikocelični nevroendokrini rak. 5-letno preživetje vseh vrst pljučnega raka je bilo pri moških 8%, pri ženskah 10%, v I. stadiju bolezni pa preko 60%. Sinhrone in metahrone dvojne primarne pljučne tumorje so ugotovili v 8,4 %, v pljučih in drugod po telesu v 11 %, trojne pa v 0,8 %. Pri 18 % bolnikov se hkrati pojavljajo tumorske in netumorske patološke spremembe v pljučih.
Deskriptorji		LUNG NEOPLASMS PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS ADENOMA PAPILLOMA BRONCHIAL NEOPLASMS ADENOMATOSIS, PULMONARY CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, SMALL CELL CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOID TUMOR MESOTHELIOMA PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES