Author/Editor		van der Kwast, TH
Title		Patterns of early invasion in bladder cancer: Ta versus T1
Type		članek
Source		In: Vizjak A, Ferluga D, Bussolati G, editors. Update in pathology. Proceedings of the 19th European congress of pathology: nephropathology pre-congress meeting advances in nephrology, pulmonary pathology pre-congress meeting; 2003 Sep 6-11; Ljubljana. Ljubljana: Faculty of medicine,
Publication year		2003
Volume		str. 506-7
Language		eng
Abstract		Distinction between non-invasive (pTa) and superficially invasive (pTl) urothelial cell carcinomas (UCC) may often be hampered because of lack of sufficient criteria for definite features of invasive growth. Molecular-genetic analysis revealed significant differences between pTa and pTl UCC. Thus, mutations in the FGFR3 gene occur significantly more frequent in pTa (77%) as compared to pTl (37%) UCC. Three main patterns of invasion may be distinguished, i.e. 1) invasion by cords of tumour cells, 2) pushing borders frequently associated with microinvasion and 3) invasion by single tumour cells. Some investigators have made an attempt to subdivide the pTl UCC on the basis of the depth of infiltration in relationship to the superficial muscles of the muscularis mucosae of the urinary bladder. This substaging seems subject to great inter-observer variation and it is not always possible to perform. Another subdivision of pTl UCC can be achieved by assessment of the extent of the invasive component. Preliminary data suggest that urothelial cancers with a diffuse cord-like invasion pattern more frequently lack a mutation in FGFR3 as compared to cancers with a focal invasion pattern.
Descriptors		BLADDER NEOPLASMS NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE-STRANDED CONFORMATIONAL