Author/Editor		Matjačić, Z; Jensen, PL; Riso, RR; Voigt, M; Bajd, T; Sinkjaer, T
Title		Development and evaluation of a two-dimensional electrocutaneous cognitive feedback system for use in paraplegic standing
Type		članek
Source		J Med Eng Technol
Vol. and No.		Letnik 24, št. 5
Publication year		2000
Volume		str. 215-26
Language		eng
Abstract		Fatigue of electrically activated paralysed muscles is a major factor limiting the duration of functional electrical stimulation (FES) supported paraplegic standing. Fatigue can be significantly delayed by changing the posture. Since pa.ralysed individuals are deprived of proprio- and exteroception from the Lower limbs they are not aware of the posture and loading of their paralysed legs. If suitable cognitive feedback (CF) information about posture žn the sagittal and frontal planes is provided, they might be able to successfully exercise posture switching. A two-dimensional electrocutaneous GF system was develaped. Relative limb loading and the location of the weighted centre of jrressure were selected as informational variables. Discrete encoding schemes in the fornz of spatial and frequency codes were employed and the informational signals were divided into three sub-regions. The ability to correctly interpret the CF was investigated using one- and twodimension tracking tests in three paralysed subjects, each of whom were studied over five consecutive days. All three subjects were able to use the CF in one-dimension tests. Two subjects could do the same also in two-dimension tests. The encoding scheme which was developed to communicate the selected biomechanical variables proved to be easily understood and thus appropriate for use in paraplegic standing.
Descriptors		PARAPLEGIA POSTURE ELECTRIC STIMULATION THERAPY ADULT SOFTWARE TREATMENT OUTCOME FOOT FEASIBILITY STUDIES EQUILIBRIUM BIOFEEDBACK (PSYCHOLOGY)