Author/Editor		Boehm, O
Title		Bruceloza pri drobnici v slovenskem Primorju in Istri sredi 20. stoletja: ugotavljanje, zatiranje in preprečevanje bolezni
Translated title		Caprine-ovine brucellosis in Istria and the Slovenian littorial in the middle of the 20th century: diagnosis, eradication and prevention of disease
Type		članek
Source		Slov Vet Res
Vol. and No.		Letnik 40, št. 3-4
Publication year		2003
Volume		str. 143-83
Language		slo
Abstract		From an epizootiological point of view, the sheep and goat husbandry of Mediterranean Slovenia, Croatian Istria and southeastern Friuli (Isonzo plain) had some important attributes. In the middle of the 20th century more than 5,000 sheep, which were transhumant and kept and bred in small flocks of between 50 and 150 animals, inigrated seasonally to the Isonzo (Soča) plain and western Istria during winter, and to the mountainous inland regions during summer. Both the ovine and caprine Brucella melitensis infections started in the 1930's and became panzootic during World War II and the years immediately following it. Another epidemiologically important feature was the production of cheeses from the ewes' milk. Human infections were generally alimentary and between 1945 and 1954 549 cases were registered in littoral Slovenia (Slovensko Primorje) alone. The Yugoslav eradication program, which involved the testing of animals and immediate culling of reactors, was a radical one. Where 30% or more of a flock tested positively, the entire flock was eliminated. Dermal hypersensitivity tests were used to detect the disease and two brucellins (extracts without LPS) and a brucellergen (suspension of the dead culture of the Brucella abortus strain 19) were utilized. It was established that the allergic reactions were still developing after the recommended reading time and that between 18 and 45% of reactors could go undetected as a result. Inoculating the sheep with a suspension of killed Brucella cells was found to cause a delayed-type hypersensitivity and in approximately 4.6% of the animals, this lasted more than 5 - 6 months. Between 1947 and 1959, 5,897 sheep, 370 goats and 7 cows were culled in the Republic of Slovenia. The disease was eradicated in Slovenia and Croatia in 1952. Our motive for publishing this review has been the imminent increase in the . danger of the remigration of the disease.
Summary		Sredi 20. stoletja je bila v slovenskih, hrvaških in furlanskih mediteranskih pokrajinah, ki so bile v letih 1918-1945 združene pod Italijo, razširjena malteška ali mediteranska bruceloza med ovcami in kozami, ki je razen drobnice, zlasti ovc, prizadela tudi dosti ljudi. Žarišča te kužne bolezni so bili tropi molznih ovc, na ljudi pa se je prenašala z ovčjim sirom. Pastirji so ovce sezonsko selili: pred zimo v obmorske pokrajine z milo klimo, v poletni sezoni pa v hribovito in z močo bogato notranjost. Leta 1947, torej po mirovni pogodbi med Italijo in takratno Jugoslavijo, ko je bil del Slovenskega primorja združen z osrednjo Slovenijo, je bilo sklenjeno, da bolezen v naših krajih izkoreninimo. S preizkusi so bile ugotovljene prednosti alergijske diagnostike, vendar ne s tovrstnimi ne s serološkimi metodami ni bilo mogoče ugotavljati vseh okuženih živali. Alergijsko testiranje živali, katerega osnova je reakcija pozne preobčutljivosti za antigene bakterij rodu Brucella, je omogočalo ugotavljanje bolezni pri pretežnem številu živali, vendar pa so se reakcije pogosto pojavljale kasneje, kot je bilo predvideno ugotavljanje po navodilih. V tistem delu Slovenskega primorja, ki je bil po mirovni pogodbi pridružen osrednji Sloveniji, je bilo za izkoreninjenje ovčje in kozje bruceloze treba izločiti 5.897 ovc, 370 koz in 7 goved. Večina plemenic je bila brejih.
Descriptors		BRUCELLOSIS BRUCELLA MELITENSIS SHEEP GOATS