Author/Editor		Šifrer, Robert; Hočevar-Boltežar, Irena
Title		Hripavost med šolarji
Translated title		Hoarseness among school-age children
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 73, št. 2
Publication year		2004
Volume		str. 73-6
Language		slo
Abstract		Background. The prevalence of dysphonia in schoolchildren has been reported to be from 7.1% to 23.3% and in adolescents from 0 to 80%. In Slovenia, the study on prevalence of dysphonia in schoolchildren has not been performed yet Methods. The voice samples of 100 4th graders and 102 8th graders of elementary school were recorded. A lay judge and a professional assessed independently degree of hoarseness in the voice samples. One to three months after the recording the dysphonic children were invited to an otorhinolaryngologic examination in order to find out the cause of dysphonia. All children and their parents answered the questionnaires on illnesses arcd vocal habits that might cause hoarseness. The prevalence of these unfavourable factors was compared between the group of children with long lasting hoarseness and the children without it Results. At voice samples recording there were 34.2% dysphonic children. One to three months later, there were still 14.9% children with hoarse voice. The most frequent causes for acute dysphonia were acute respiratory infection and exacerbation of chronic laryngitis. The most frequent causes for persistent dysphonia were allergic catarrhal laryngitis, muscle tension dysphonia with or without vocal nodules and mutational voice disorder. The fast speaking rate appeared to be characteristic for children with long lasting dysphonia. Conclusions. Dysphonia in school-age children is the result of diseases of upper respiratory tract and/or functional voice disorders. Both causes of dysphonia could be successfully treated if they are detected early and the children are advised to see an otorhinolaryngologist. Adolescence is an ideal period for treatment of functional voice disorders. It is also the period when the children must decide for their future profession.
Summary		Izhodišča. Pogostnost hripavosti med šolarji znaša od 7,1% do 23,3%, med adolescenti pa od 0 do 80%. Pri nas študija o pogostnosti hripavosti med šolarji še ni bila narejena. Metode. Posneli smo glasovne vzorce 100 učencev 4. razredov in 102 učencev 8. razredov osnovnih šol. Laik in strokovnjak sta neodvisno ocenjevala stopnjo hripavosti za glasove iz vzorcev. Hripave otroke smo 1-3 mesece po snemanju povabili na otorinolaringološki pregled in ugotovili vzrok hripavosti. Otroci so skupaj s starši izpolnili vprašalnik o boleznih in glasovnih navadah, ki lahko vplivajo na glas. Ugotavljali smo razlike v pojavnosti teh neugodnih dejavnikov med dalj časa hripavimi otroki in otroki brez dolgotrajne hripavosti. Rezultati. Ob snemanju glasovnih vzorcev je bilo 34,2% vseh otrok hripavih. Hripavih več kot 1-3 mesece je bilo 14,9% otrok. Najpogostejša vzroka za akutno hripavost sta bila akutna okužba zgornjih dihal in poslabšanje kroničnega laringitisa, za dolgotrajno pa alergijski kataralni laringitis, mišično tenzijska disfonija z vozliči na glasilkah ali brez in mutacijska motnja. Samo hiter govorni tempo je bil značilno pogostejši med dolgotrajno hripavimi otroki. Ostali neugodni dejavniki se niso pojavljali značilno pogosteje med hripavimi otroki. Zaključki. Hripavost pri šolarjih je posledica bolezni zgornjih dihal in/ali funkcionalne glasovne motnje. Oboje lahko odpravimo, če ju dovollj zgodaj spoznamo in otroka napotimo k otorinolaringologu. Obdobje adolescence je najbolj ugodno za zdravljenje funkcionalnih glasovnih motenj in hkrati čas, ko se otrok odloča za šolanje za bodoči poklic.
Descriptors		HOARSENESS VOICE QUALITY LARYNGITIS PROSPECTIVE STUDIES CHILD