Author/Editor		Brovet-Zupančič, Irena
Title		Morfologija zunanjih očesnih mišic pri endokrini oftalmopatiji
Translated title		The morphology of extraocular muscles in endocrine ophthalmopathy
Type		monografija
Place		Ljubljana
Publisher		Medicinska fakulteta
Publication year		1995
Volume		str. 229
Language		slo
Abstract		Graves' ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disorder, which may occur in association with autoimmune thyroid disease or independently. It is characterised by involvement of the orbital fat and extraocular muscles. Histological studies have demonstrated lymphocytic infiltration and interstitial oedema of the extraocular muscles in the early phase of illness, while irreversible fibrosis and fatty infiltration of the muscles are present in advanced disease. The aim of my study was to define criteria for early detection of the described changes and appropriate therapy while the changes are still reversible and do not cause permanent functional impairment of the extraocular muscles. With the aid of ultrasonography I tried to detect changes in thickness and reflectivity of the medial, lateral, superior and inferior rectus muscles in early stages of Graves' ophthalmopathy as well as structural changes associated with advanced forms of the disease. Total of 720 extraocular muscles of 90 patients with Graves' ophtalmopathy were compared with 600 muscles of 75 healthy subjects who served as the control group. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised 45 patients with newly diagnosed class 1 - 4 disease according to the NOSPECS classification, who were not on immunosuppressive therapy; patients with class 5 - 6 disease were not included in this group. Group 2 comprised 45 patients with class 2 - 6 disease according to the NOSPECS classification, their disease was present for 1 to 10 years, and was treated by thyreostatic and immunosuppresive therapy with or without retrobulbar irradiation, and was stable at the time of examination. Standardised A-scan echographic biometry was employed. In the patients thickness measurements were performed in the medial part of the muscles, whereas in the healthy subjects the anterior part of the muscles was measured as well. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters).
Descriptors		GRAVES' DISEASE OCULOMOTOR MUSCLES OPHTHALMOPLEGIA IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE