Author/Editor		Munih, Marko; Obreza, Pavla; Šega, Janez; Bajd, Tadej; Šavrin, Rajmond
Title		Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in combination with electrical stimulation: combined treatment in comparison to each treatment alone
Type		članek
Source		Neuromodulation
Vol. and No.		Letnik 7, št. 1
Publication year		2004
Volume		str. 48-55
Language		eng
Abstract		The objective of the study was a quantitative examination of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercise in simultaneous combination with FES of lower extremity muscles in comparison to voluntary movement, training with PNF alone, or training with FES alone. Two subjects were monitored during a onemonth rehabilitation period. The PNF pattern included flexion, adduction, and external rotation of the hip, knee flexion, and dorsiflexion with inversion of the ankle, a pattern similar to the swing phase of walking. Quantitative measurements were conducted by using goniometers on the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Major changes were found in the hip angle. Improvements in goniograms were greatest during the first week, smaller during the second week, and showed only a slight positive trend in the last two weeks. The measurements made two months affer the start of training showed somewhat lower values in comparison to previous sessions.
Descriptors		SPINAL CORD INJURIES EXERCISE THERAPY PROPRIOCEPTION ELECTRIC STIMULATION THERAPY PERONEAL NERVE ISOTONIC CONTRACTION HIP JOINT ANKLE JOINT KNEE JOINT RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR