Author/Editor		Fležar, Matjaž
Title		Kronična obstruktivna pljučna bolezen (KOPB) - zgodnja diagnostika in pristop k bolniku
Translated title		COPD - early diagnosis and approach to the patient
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 43, št. Suppl 1
Publication year		2004
Volume		str. 109-13
Language		slo
Abstract		Smoking is a habit that has obvious harmful effects on human health. One of the major consequences of continuous smoking is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It develops in one smoker out of ten who have smoked 25 cigarettes a day for at least ten years. After this time, lung damage can be detected by performing common lung function tests that confirm the diagnosis. At least 90% of such patients remain undiagnosed, since smokers do not recognize their symptoms as a sign of disease but believe them to be part of the normal aging process. All smokers who visit primary care facilities should be screened with a proper respiratory symptom questionnaire and in case of positive answers, office spirometry should be performed. An obstructive pattern that cannot be eliminated by administering a bronchodilator is confirmatory of COPD and further treatment steps should be made with emphasis on the smoking cessation program.
Summary		Kajenje je razvada, ki ima jasno dokazane škodljive učinke na zdravje. Med zelo pomembnimi in pogostimi boleznimi kadilcev je tudi kronična obstruktivna pljučna bolezen, ki jo po dolgoletnem kajenju razvije približno vsak deseti kadilec. Ob normalnih antiproteaznih obrambnih mehanizmih pljuč kadilec pokadi vsaj 10 let po škatlico cigaret dnevno, da postane okvara pljuč, ki se bo razvila v bolezen, izmerljiva in bolezen z veliko gotovostjo dokazana. Epidemiološki podatki govorijo, da je skoraj 90% kadilcev z blago obliko bolezni neodkritih, ker vzamejo znake in simptome skozi leta razvijajočih se težav s težko sapo za »privzete« (1-4). Torej je potrebno bolnike aktivno iskati med kadilci. Ne glede na razlog obiska pri izbranem zdravniku je kadilca potrebno povprašati po glavnih treh simptomih - kašlju, izmečku in naduhi (težki sapi) - in ob pozitivnem odgovoru napotiti na spirometrijo. Obstrukcija, ki je ni mogoče odpraviti z bronhodilatatornim zdravilom, je zadosten dokaz za postavitev diagnoze in nadaljnje ukrepe, med katerimi je najpomembnejše prenehanje kajenja.
Descriptors		LUNG DISEASES, OBSTRUCTIVE SPIROMETRY FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME VITAL CAPACITY SMOKING SMOKING CESSATION