Author/Editor		Soklič, Tanja; Hočevar-Boltežar, Irena
Title		Glasovne motnje med pedagoškimi delavci v Sloveniji: prevalenca in nekateri dejavniki tveganja
Translated title		Voice disorders among teachers in Slovenia: prevalence and some risk factors
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 73, št. 6
Publication year		2004
Volume		str. 493-7
Language		slo
Abstract		Background. Teachers as voice professionals with heavy vocal load represent a population at high risk of vocal problems. Until now there has not been any study evaluating prevalence and risk factors for voice disorders among teachers in Slovenia. Methods. Questionnaires about voice disorders and vocal habits were sent to randomly chosen 10% of elementary, middle schools and kindergarten in Slovenia. Answers from 1509 completed questionnaires were analyzed by statistical program SPSS 11.0. Results. In the school year 2002/03 51% of teachers occasionally experienced voice disorders and 15% did frequently. The prevalence of transient voice problems was therefore about 66%. By univariate chi2 test we found statistically significant relationship to frequent voice disorders for female sex (p < 0.02), middle school teachers (p < 0.02), age over 40 years (p < 0.0005) and atopic constitution (p < 0.006); voice disorders during study showed borderline significance (p < 0.07). There was no significant relationship to voice problems for yelling talking loudly or rapidly, using chalk while talking, cigarette smoking water intake and gastroesophageal reflux. Statistically significant variates were included in the multivariate logistic regression model. There was 1.9-times higher risk of experiencing frequent voice disorders in females than for males (p < 0.003). Risk of vocal problems in middle school teachers was 1.5-times higher than in kindergarten teachers (p < 0.07) and 1.8-times higher than in elementary school teachers (p < 0.0005). Age over 40 years carried 2,3-times higher risk for hoarseness than age under 40 years (p < 0.0005). Voice disorders during study showed 1.7-times higher risk for later occupational vocal problems (p < 0.02). Atopic constitution had 1.6-times higher risk for frequent vocal problems (p < 0.008). The questionnaire also showed how unfamiliar to vocal hygiene Slovene teachers are. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters).
Summary		Izhodišča. Pedagoški delavci so zaradi velike glasovne obremenitve pri delu ena najbodj ogroženih populacij za pojav glasovnih težav. Do sedaj v Sloveniji še ni bilo epidemiološke raziskave, ki bi opredelila prevalenco glasovnih težav med pedagoškimi delavci in vzroke zanjo. Metode. Vprašalnike o glasovnih težavah in navadah smo razposlali naključno izbranim 10% vrtcev, osnovnih in srednjih šol v Sloveniji. Odgovore 1509 prejetih vprašalnikov smo obdelali s statističnim programskim paketom SPSS 11.0. Rezultati. V šolskem letu 2002/03 je bilo občasno hripavih 51% učiteljev, pogosto 15%; prevalenca prehodnih gdasovnih motenj je bila torej najmanj 66%. Z univariantnim testom X2 smo potrdili statistično značilno večjo verjetnost pogostih glasovnih težav za ženski spol (p < 0,02), zaposlitev v srednji šoli (p < 0,02), starost nad 40 let (p < 0,0005) in atopično konstitucijo (p < 0,006); hripavost med študijem je bila mejno značilno vplivna (p < 0,07). Nismo dokazali statistično značilnega vpliva naslednjih spremenljivk na pogoste glasovne težave: kričanje, hitro in glasno govorjenje, uporaba krede med predavanjem, kajenje, uživanje tekočine in gastroezofagealni refluks. Statistično značilno vplivne spremenljivke smo vključili v multivariantni model logistične regresije. Tveganje žensk za pogosto hripavost je bilo 1,9-krat višje kot tveganje moških (p < 0,003). Zaposlitev v srednji šoli je prinašala 1,5-krat višje tveganje za pogosto hripavost kot v vrtcu (p < 0,07) in 1,8-krat višje tveganje kot v osnovni šoli (p < 0,0005). Starejši od 40 let so imeli 2,3-krat višje tveganje za glasovne motnje kot mlajši od 401et (p < 0,0005). Hripavost med študijem je pomenila 1,7-krat višje tveganje za kasnejše glasovne težave (p < 0,02). Atopična konstitucija je prinašala 1,6-krat večje tveganje za pogoste glasovne težave (p < 0,008). Anketa je odslikala tudi slabo poznavanje glasovne higiene med pedagoškimi delavci v Sloveniji. (Izvleček skrajšan pri 2000 znakih).
Descriptors		VOICE DISORDERS TEACHING RISK FACTORS PREVALENCE QUESTIONNAIRES