Author/Editor		Gryparis, Alexandros; Forsberg, Bertil; Katsouyanni, Klea; Analitis, Antonis; Touloumi, Giota; Schwartz, Joel; Samoli, Evi; Medina, Sylvia; Anderson, HR; Niciu, Emilia Maria; Wichmann, H-Erich; Kriz, Bohumir; Košnik, Mitja
Title		Acute effects of ozone on mortality from the "air pollution and health: a European approach" project
Type		članek
Source		Am J Respir Crit Care Med
Vol. and No.		Letnik 170, št. 10
Publication year		2004
Volume		str. 1080-7
Language		eng
Abstract		In the APHEA2 (Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach) project, the effects of ambient ozone concentrations on mortality were investigated. Data were collected on daily 1 and 8-hour ozone concentrations, on daily total, respiratory and cardiovascular number of deaths and on confounders and potential effect modifiers from 23 cities/areas. Effect estimates were obtained for each city with city-specific models and combined using second stage regression models. No significant effects were observed during the cold half of the year. For the warm season, an increase in 1 hour ozone concentration by 10 ug/m3 was associated with a 0.33% (95% CI: 0.17-0.52%) increase in the total daily number of deaths, 0.45% (95% CI 0.22-0.69) in the number of cardiovascular deaths and 1.13% (95% CI 0.62-1.48) in the number of respiratory deaths. The corresponding figures for 8-hour ozone were: 0.31% (0.17-0.52); 0.46% (0.22-0.73); 1.13 (0.74-1.51). The associations with total mortality were independent of SO2 and PM10 but somewhat confounded by NO2 and CO. Individual city estimates were heterogeneous for total (a higher standardized mortality rate was associated with larger effects) and cardiovascular mortality (larger effects were observed in Southern European cities). The dose-response curve of ozone effects on total mortality during the summer did not deviate significantly from linearity.
Descriptors		AIR POLLUTANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL OZONE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES CAUSE OF DEATH SEX FACTORS ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CONFIDENCE INTERVALS REGISTRIES REGRESSION ANALYSIS EUROPE