Author/Editor		Mičić, Milena; Bihari, Nevenka; Mlinarič-Raščan, Irena
Title		Influence of herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, on haemocyte DNA of in vivo treated mussel
Type		članek
Source		J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
Vol. and No.		Letnik 311, št. 1
Publication year		2004
Volume		str. 157-69
Language		eng
Abstract		The influence of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) on haemocyte DNA of in vivo treated mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis has been investigated by flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscopy. Haemocyte proliferation and atypical flow cytometric DNA histograms were observed in mussels treated with 20 and 100 microg/g of 2,4-D. The stimulation of proliferation by 2,4-D was also obvious by DNA labelling with BrdU followed by FITC conjugated anti-BrdU MoAb visualised by epifluorescence microscopy. An apoptotic sub-G1, peak resulted in mussels that were exposed to higher doses of herbicide at 100 and 500 microg/g as well as subpopulation could be detected by flow cytometric analysis. In these experiments morphological changes characteristic for apoptotic cells were looked for by fluorescence microscopy. A low percentage of cells in S as well as in G2M phase indicating G1 arrest were detected in haemocytes from these mussels that had survived 4 days of 20 microg/g 2,4-D exposure. In addition, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) could be seen with the immunolabelling BrdU rnethod. Thus, in vivo treatment and the subsequent uptake of 2,4-D causes serious genetic consequences and raises concerns regarding the potential overall fitness and health effects in mussel populations.
Descriptors		MUSSELS HEMOCYTES 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID DNA DAMAGE SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE FLOW CYTOMETRY APOPTOSIS MICROSCOPY, FLUORESCENCE