Author/Editor		Ribič, Helena; Štrumbelj, Iztok; Franko-Kancler, Tatjana; Žohar-Čretnik, Tjaša; Sarjanović, Ljudmila; Grmek-Košnik, Irena; Kavčič, Martina; Harlander, Tatjana
Title		Spremljanje odpornosti proti antibiotikom pri sevih Haemophilus influenzae iz dihal v Sloveniji v letu 2002
Translated title		Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in strains of Haemophilus influenzae from respiratory tract in Slovenia in 2002
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 73, št. 7-8
Publication year		2004
Volume		str. 563-7
Language		slo
Abstract		Background. Haemophilus influenzae is quite often a cause of respiratory tract infections. The authors present the results of surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of this bacteria in Slovenia. Antibiotic sensitivity rates in the individual region are necessary, for the estimation of the situation, for the empirical therapy guidelines and for planning the actions to limit the spread of resistance. Methods. In 2002 the results of antibiotic resistance testing of H. influenzae, isolated from respiratory tract were surveyed in eight regions of Slovenia. In the survey seven microbiological laboratories of Puhlic Health Institutes and the laboratory of The National Institute of Puhlic Health collaborated. 680 strains of H. influenzae isolated from either outpatients or in patients from regional hospitals were analysed. Susceptibility to autibiotics was determined using the disk-diffusion method. Results and conclusions. All strains, which were tested with amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, azitromycin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, levofloksacin and moxifloxacin were susceptible to these agents. Ampicillin (amoxicillin) resistance thatis caused by beta lactamase enzyme, was found in all regions. The rate of beta lactamase positive strains was 8.4% (from 1.9% to 14.8%). Resistance rate to co-trimoxazole was 13.2% (from 9.3% to 21.2%), to tetracycline 1.0% (0 to 3.0%) and to cefaclor there were only three strains resistant (0.4%). The rate of resistance is different among regions and among age groups inside regions. In many regions the number of isolated strains was very low, so reliability of the surveillance results is questionable in these regions.
Summary		Izhodišča. Haemophilus influenzae je pogost povzročitelj okužb dihal. Avtorji predstavljajo rezultate spremljanja odpornosti sevov te bakterije proti antibiotikom v Sloveniji. Določitev deleža odpornih sevov v posamezni regiji je potrebna za oceno stanja, za pripravo priporočil za izkustveno zdravljenje okužb in za načrtovanje ukrepov za preprečevanje širjenja odpornosti. Metode. V letu 2002 so avtorji v osmih regijah Slovenije spremjali rezultate testiranja odpornosti sevov H. influenzae, ki so jih pri rednem delu osamili iz dihal. V raziskavi je sodelovalo sedem mikrobioloških laboratorijev, Zavodov za zdravstveno varstvo in laboratorij Inštituta za varovanje zdravja Republike Slovenije. Vključili so rezultate 680 sevov H. influenzae, osamljenih pri bolnikih, ki so bili obravnavani bodisi v ambulantah bodisi v regionalnih bolnišnicah. Vsem sevom so občutljivost za izbrane antibiotike določili z disk-difuzijsko metodo. Rezultati in zaključki. Vsi sevi, ki so jih testirali z amoksicilinom s klavulansko kislino, azitromicinom, cefuroksimom, cefotaksimom, levofloksacinom in moksifloksacinom, so bili za naštete antibiotike občutljivi. Odpornost proti ampicilinu (amoksicilinu), ki je posledica tvorbe encimov laktamaz beta, so zabeležili v vseh regijah. Delež sevov z laktamazo beta je bil 8,4% (od 1,9% do 14,8%). Proti trimetoprimu s sulfametoksazolom je bilo odpornih 13,2% (od 9,3% do 21,2%), proti tetraciklinu 1,0% (od 0% do 3,0%), proti cefakloru pa so bili odporni le trije sevi (0,4%). Delež odpornih sevov se razlikuje tako med regijami kot tudi med starostnimi skupinami bolnikov znotraj regij. V več regijah je bilo število osamljenih sevov zelo majhno, zato je zanesljivost ocene deleža odpornih sevov v teh regijah vprašljiva.
Descriptors		RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS ANTIBIOTICS DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL AGE FACTORS