Author/Editor		Mueller-Premru, Manica
Title		Povzročitelji okužb vsadkov in njihove posebnosti
Translated title		Microorganisms involved in implant infections
Type		članek
Source		In: Poljak M, editor. Zbornik predavanj Okužbe vsadkov; 2004 okt 8-9; Valdoltra. Ljubljana: Slovensko zdravniško društvo,
Publication year		2004
Volume		str. 15-20
Language		slo
Abstract		With the advance of medicine in the last decades, implants are increasingly used. At the same time, number of their infections increases accordingly. A low number of relatively nonvirulent microorganisms can cause an implant infection because the implant is a foreign material that provides a new surface to which they can adhere. Infections are most frequently caused by the bacteria from the skin of patients and staff. Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, Gram-negative bacilli, fungi, etc. The prosthetic joint and prosthetic heart-valve infections most commonly begin at the time of implant insertion and rarely hematogenously. The infections of intravascular catheters develop when bacteria enter from the skin or from the catheter hub. In S epidermidis, adherence is mediated by polysaccharide capsular adhesin, encoded by the gene locus ica. Depending on environmental factors and signalling molecules, the genes for biofilm are activated and the biofilm, a specially organized structure of protected slowly multiplying bacteria, develops. Different implants have biofilms with similar structure. Although infections of implants are caused by microorganisms found on humans and in the environment, it is possible to prevent them.
Descriptors		PROSTHESIS-RELATED INFECTIONS BIOFILMS STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS JOINT PROSTHESIS CATHETERIZATION, PERIPHERAL