Author/Editor		Jurin, Mislav
Title		Tumor immunology - from experiment to clinical application
Translated title		Tumorska imunologija - od poskusov do klinične uporabe
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 43, št. Suppl 5
Publication year		2004
Volume		str. 125-30
Language		eng
Abstract		By using a modified colony inhibition test a specific immune reaction of tumor bearing mouse was proven. The intensity of lymphocyte cytotoxicity, determined in vitr-o, increased during an initial phase of tumor growth what was followed with a decrease. Sera fomr tumor bearing mice were able to specifically block the cytotoxic action of lymphocytes against tumor cells in vitro. These dynamics of specific immune response in tumor bearing mice during tumor progression, i. e. the increase and decrease, are very similar to those of general immune reactivity. However, if local tumor was removed (irradiation or surgery) the recovery of immune reactivity occurred. Namely, the cytotoxic action of lymphocytes from cured mice was very pronounced and the sera were not able to block the reaction. The general immune reactivity also recovered following tumor removal. It was, further, shown that the application of an immunomodulator (particular extracts from plants and animals) could increase the immune reactivity in tumor bearing mice. All these experimental data were the base for our approach to the clinic. The monitoring of the immune reaction was performed in ovarian carcinoma patients grade III treated with chemotherapy. They were further treated with an immunomodulator. Thus, two weeks after one chemotherapy procedure we started with daily application of immunomodulator during two weeks (until the beginning of new chemotherapy procedure). Immediately prior to chemotherapy blood samples were taken and lymphocytes transformation and the ratio between helper and suppressor T cells determined. A group of the patients received placebo. After nine months immunomodulator treated patients recovered the intensity of lymphocyte transformation and helper/suppressor ratio was close to the normal values. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters).
Summary		Že pred dalj časa so ugotovili, da se pri miših, ki imajo tumor, razvije za tumor specifičen imunski odziv. Ta opažanja so in vitro potrdili s prilagojeno metodo merjenja zavore rasti kolonij tumorskih celic. Citotoksičnost limfocitov, ki so izvirali od miši s tumorjem, se je v začetnih obdobjih tumorske rasti stopnjevala, nato pa je z napredovanjem bolezni počasi upadala. Serum, ki so ga dobili od opisanih živali, je specifično zaviral citotoksično dejavnost limfocitov proti tumorskim celicam, kar je bil še en dokaz več, da se je med tumorskim razraščanjem razvil za tumor specifičen imunski odziv. Spreminjanje moči imunskega odziva, kot so jo opazili v opisanih poskusih, je zelo podobno tistemu, ki ga poznamo iz infekcijske imunologije. Drugače od navedenega pa je, če mišim, pri katerih se je imunski odziv zmanjšal, odstranimo tumor z obsevanjem ali z operacijo. Pri teh miših se imunska odzivnost ponovno poveča. Limfociti teh miši postanejo močno citotoksični in avtologni serum te citotoksičnosti ne more zavreti. Pri miših, ki so jim odstranili tumor, si opomore tudi splošni imunski odziv. Na moč imunskega odziva pri živalih s tumorji se da vplivati s sredstvi, ki spreminjajo moč imunskega odziva imunomodulatorji rastlinskega in živalskega izvora. Na temelju navedenih ugotovitev so pričeli s kliničnimi raziskavami, ki naj bi postale model za zdravljenje tumorjev pri ljudeh. Ene prvih raziskav te vrste so bile raziskave imunske odzivnosti pri bolnicah s tumorjem jajčnikov stopnje III po TNM, ki so že bile zdravljene s kemoterapijo. Zdravljenje je potekalo tako, da so bolnice dobile imunomodulatorno zdravilo dva tedna po zaključenem prvem krogu zdravljenja s kemoterapevtikom. Zdravilo so nato dobivale štirinajst dni vsak dan. Takoj nato so jih ponovno zdravili s kemoterapevtikom. (Izvleček skrajšan pri 2000 znakih).
Descriptors		OVARIAN NEOPLASMS IMMUNOTHERAPY ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS MICE CELL SURVIVAL DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL