Author/Editor		Sancin, Kristjan; Koritnik, Blaž; Zidar, Janez
Title		Govorni sistem možganov: vpogled s funkcijskimi slikovnimi metodami
Translated title		Speech system of the brain: insight via functional imaging methods
Type		članek
Source		Psihol Obz Ljubl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 13, št. 2
Publication year		2004
Volume		str. 33-8
Language		slo
Abstract		The study of neural correlates of language has always lagged behind the study of other aspects of behavior and cognition due to the lack of an animal model. Clinical data led to the idea that language perception is localized in the posterior superior temporal lobe (Wernicke's area) and functions related to speech production are localized in the lateral frontal lobe (Broca's area) of the dominant hemisphere. Recent data from electrophysiological and functional neuroimaging investigations shows that the roles of Wernicke's and Broca's areas are not as clear as they appeared. A variety of cortical and subcortical regions have been found to be critically important for language processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to study language system of the brain. When planning certain neurosurgical interventions, it is important to determine hemispheric language dominance and localization of language functions in order to avoid damaging these areas. Some fMRI language paradigms promise a completely noninvasive way of localizing language functions in an individual patient - a possible substitute for the tests currently in use. In our lab, we have recently started to use fMRI for localization of cortical language areas in healthy individuals and in neurological patients.
Summary		Raziskovanje nevrofiziologije govora je v primerjavi z raziskovanjem nekaterih drugih kognitivnih funkcij oteženo zaradi pomanjkanja ustreznega živalskega modela. Klinična opažanja pri bolnikih s pridobljenimi motnjami govora so kazala na ključno vlogo dveh kortikalnih področij dominantne možganske poloble: posteriornega superiornega dela temporalnega režnja (Wernickejevo področje) pri zaznavanju govora in lateralnega dela frontalnega režnja kot centra za tvorbo govora. Novejše elektrofiziološke in funkcijske slikovne metode kažejo na mnogo kompleksnejšo vlogo omenjenih področij in na vpletenost številnih drugih kortikalnih in subkortikalnih struktur v obdelavo govora. S funkcij skim magnetnoresonančnim (fMR) slikanjem lahko raziskujemo govorni sistem možganov. Pri načrtovanju nekaterih nevrokirurških posegov je potrebno predoperativno določiti govorno dominantno poloblo in tako opredeliti tveganje za poškodbo govornih področij med posegom. Z ustreznimi fMR paradigmami je mogoče na popolnoma neinvaziven način lokalizirati posamezne govorne funkcije in morda nadomestiti nekatere uveljavljene (invazivne) metode. V našem laboratoriju smo nedavno začeli s fMR slikanjem govornih področij pri zdravih preiskovancih in nevroloških bolnikih.
Descriptors		SPEECH LANGUAGE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING NEUROPHYSIOLOGY DOMINANCE, CEREBRAL TEMPORAL LOBE FRONTAL LOBE