Author/Editor | Kotnik, Tadej; Maček-Lebar, Alenka; Kandušer, Maša; Pucihar, Gorazd; Pavlin, Mojca; Valič, Blaž; Miklavčič, Damijan | |
Title | Elektroporacija celične membrane: teorija ter poizkusi in vitro | |
Translated title | Electroporation of the cell membrane: theory and experiments in vitro | |
Type | članek | |
Source | Med Razgl | |
Vol. and No. | Letnik 44, št. 1 | |
Publication year | 2005 | |
Volume | str. 81-90 | |
Language | slo | |
Abstract | Elecroporation is a phenomenon during which exposure of a cell to an electric field results in a signiticant increase in its membrane permeability. Reversible eleccroporation is widely used for internalisation of various substances in research, and is also becoming important in clinics (tumor electrochemotherapy). Electroporation is explained as formation of nanometer-sized aqueous pores in the lipid bilayer due to increased membrane voltage caused by an electric field. This explanation is also supported by molecular dynamics simulations of the lipid bilayer. The pores are too small for electroporation to be observable directly, but it can be studied by measuring the electrical and optical properties of the membrane, or by monitoring the flux of ions or molecules through the membrane. The fraction of electroporated cells and the uptake increase with the increase in the strength, duration and/or number of pulses, but so does the fraction of cells that lose viability. For optimal results under specific experimental conditions, the values of pulse parameters must be determined under these same conditions. | |
Summary | Elektroporacija je pojav, pri katerem pride zaradi kratkotrajne izpostavitve celice električnemu polju dovolj visoke jakosti do izrazitega povečanja prepustnosti membrane. Reverzibilna elektroporacija se pogosto uporablja za vnos snovi v celice v raziskavah, vse bolj pa se uveljavlja tudi v kliničnem okolju (elektrokemoterapija tumorjev). Najbolj uveljavljena razlaga elektroporacije pravi, da pride zaradi povišanja membranske napetosti, ki nastopi ob izpostavitvi polju, do nastanka nanometrskih hidrofilnih por v lipidnem dvosloju. To razlago podpirajo tudi najnovejše simulacije molekularne dinamike lipidov v dvosloju. Elektroporacije ni mogoče opazovati neposredno, saj so pore premajhne, lahko pa jo preučujemo z merjenjem električnih in optičnih lastnosti membrane ali z opazovanjem pretoka ionov in molekul skoznjo. Delež elektroporiranih celic in vnos snovi naraščata z višanjem jakosti, trajanja in števila pulzov, vendar s tem narašča tudi delež celic, ki izpostavitve ne preživijo. Vrednosti parametrov pulzov, pri katerih dobimo najboljše rezultate, je potrebno določiti eksperimentalno v tistih pogojih, v kakršnih nameravamo izvajati poizkuse. | |
Descriptors | ELECTROPORATION MEMBRANE POTENTIALS ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY CELL SURVIVAL |