| Author/Editor | Bilban-Jakopin, Cvetka; Zakotnik, Branko | |
| Title | Najpogostejše zdravstvene težave po radioterapiji in kemoterapiji | |
| Translated title | Most frequent side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy | |
| Type | članek | |
| Source | Med Razgl | |
| Vol. and No. | Letnik 44, št. Suppl 1 | |
| Publication year | 2005 | |
| Volume | str. 7-13 | |
| Language | slo | |
| Abstract | Nowadays, a large proportion of cancer patients are treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Because of the low specificity of irradiation and chemotherapy, healthy organs are also damaged and side effects are caused that must be recognized by the family physician and managed appropriately. The side effects of chemotherapy that are most often observed are nausea and vomiting, myelosuppression and mucositis. Less often one sees diarrhea, constipation, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. With the introduction of a combination of 5HT3 antagonists and corticosteroids in the management of nausea and vomiting, the quality of life of patients receiving chemotherapy has improved dramatically. Dealing with myelosuppression, special caution is required in patients experiencing febrile neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count below 0.5 G/1 and body temperature over 38.5°C, measured once or three times over 38 °C). In these cases, it is essential to begin treatment with a broad spectrum antibiotic as soon as possible, and many times such patients need hospitalisation. | |
| Summary | Maligne bolezni danes zdravimo pri večini bolnikov s kombinacijo lokalnega zdravljenja (kirurško, obsevanje) in dopolnilno z zdravili. Pri nekaterih boleznih je dopolnilno zdravljenje tudi kombinacija sočasnega obsevanja in zdravil. Zaradi majhne specifičnosti kemoterapije in obsevanja pa nastaja vrsta sopojavov, s katerimi mora biti družinski zdravnik seznanjen, da lahko pravilno ukrepa. Najpogostejši sopojavi po kemoterapiji so: slabost in bruhanje, mielosupresija, vnetje sluznic. Redkeje nastopajo driske, zaprtje, kardiotoksičnost, nefrotoksičnost in nevrotoksičnost. Pri obravnavi slabosti in bruhanja smo z uporabo kombinacije 5HT3-antagonistov in kortikosteroidov bistveno spremenili kakovost življenja bolnikov, ki prejemajo kemoterapijo. Pri obravnavi mielosupresije moramo biti še posebno pozorni na febrilno nevtropenijo (absolutno število nevtrofilcev pod 0,5 G/1 in sočasno temperatura nad 38,5 stopinj Celzija, izmerjeno enkrat ali trikrat nad 38 stopinj Celzija). V tem primeru je potrebna takojšna uvedba širokospektralnega antibiotika in velikokrat tudi napotitev v bolnišnico. | |
| Descriptors | NEOPLASMS ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS RADIOTHERAPY VOMITING NAUSEA NEUTROPENIA RADIODERMATITIS |