Author/Editor		Brzin, Jernej; Petrovič, Nataša; Boben, Jana; Hren, Matjaž; Kogovšek, Polona; Mehle, Nataša; Žežlina, Ivan; Seljak, Gabrijel; Ravnikar, Maja
Title		Fitoplazme na sadnem drevju
Translated title		Fruit tree phytoplasmas
Type		članek
Source		In: Maček J, editor. Zbornik predavanj in referatov 7. slovensko posvetovanje o varstvu rastlin; 2005 mar 8-10; Zreče. Ljubljana: Društvo za varstvo rastlin Slovenije,
Publication year		2005
Volume		str. 248-52
Language		slo
Abstract		Phytoplasmas are uncultivable, wall-less and the smallest known cellular organisms related to Gram positive bacteria. They live exclusively in the sieve tubes of their plant hosts and cause several hundred important vector-borne and graft-transmissible plant diseases. In Europe, fruit trees of Rosaceae family are seriously affected by phytoplasmas of apple proliferation group (16SrX group), which include apple proliferation (AP), european stone fruit yellows (ESFY) and pear decline (PD) phytoplasma. The control of these quarantine diseases is based on prompt removal of infected plants in nurseries and orchards. Advantages and drawbacks of visual and laboratory detection will be put forward in particular regarding latent infections and delayed symptom expression in nursery stocks. Since we have recently detected phytoplasmas in cherry trees the possibility of phytoplasma aetiology of cherry tree decline observed in recent years will be discussed. Current data of fruit tree phytoplasma occurrence in Slovenia will be presented.
Summary		Fitoplazme, najmanjši znani celični organizmi, naseljene v sitastih ceveh floema povzročajo več sto gospodarsko pomembnih bolezni rastlin, ki se prenašajo z žuželčjimi vektorji in vegetativnim razmnoževanjem. Sadno drevje iz družine rožnic v Evropi resno ogrožajo fitoplazme iz skupine metličavosti jablan (skupina 16SrX), v katero spadajo fitoplazme metličavosti jablan (apple proliferation, AP), leptonekroze koščičarjev (european stone,fruit yellows, ESFY) in propadanja hrušk (pear decline, PD). Nadzor fitoplazemskih obolenj sadnega drevja temelji na vizualnih zdravstvenih pregledih gostiteljskih rastlin in potrditvenih laboratorijskih testih ki pa so v primerih zakasnelega izražanja znamenj na sadilnem materialu ter latentnih okužb nekaterih sort tudi edini način odkrivanja. V zvezi s tem bomo izpostavili težave, ki nastopajo pri odkrivanju bolezenskih znamenj in diagnostiki obolenj. Nedavno smo odkrili fitoplazme tudi v koreninah češenj, kar je v luči novih spoznanj o poteku fitoplazemskih bolezni morebiti povezano z njihovim propadanjem v zadnjih letih. Predstavili bomo zbrane podatke o zastopanosti posameznih fitoplazem na sadnem drevju v Sloveniji. Ključne besede: detekcija, fitoplazme, leptonekroza, metličavost, sadno drevje
Descriptors		FRUIT PLANT DISEASES MYCOPLASMA ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION