Author/Editor		Grubič, Zoran
Title		Patofiziologija staranja
Translated title		Pathophysiology of aging
Type		članek
Source		Farm Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 56, št. Pos št
Publication year		2005
Volume		str. 59-66
Language		slo
Abstract		Aging is defined as the progressive loss of physiological functions that culminates in death. We start our short review on this subject by explaining poor influence of aging on the evolutionary process of gene selection. We also discuss how the lack of this selection reflects at the level of aging individuals. We continue with molecular and cellular mechanisms which, to our present understanding, underlie the aging process. The balance between damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defense against them has been proposed as a major determinant of this process. Most of these mechanisms were investigated on the simple animal models, therefore we focus our last part of discussion on the studies related to the aging of humans. We describe Werners syndrome as an example of accelerated aging and discuss the role of telomerases in "counting" of cell divisions. At the end we mention future prospects on how the rate of aging can be modified and also the ethical, social and economical consequences that such interventions might have.
Summary		Staranje je opredeljeno kot proces, v katerem postopno izgubljanje fizioloških funkcij v organizmu vodi v smrt. V tem prispevku najprej razpravljamo o tem, zakaj ima življensko obdobje starosti majhen pomen s stališča selekcije genov v procesu evolucije in kaj to pomeni za starajočega posameznika. Sledi kratek pregled molekularnih in celičnih mehanizmov, ki so po današnjem prepričanju najverjetneje vpleteni v proces staranja in kjer osrednjo vlogo pripisujejo ravnotežju med škodljivimi mehanizmi, ki jih sprožijo reaktivne kisikove spojine (ROS) in obrambi pred njimi. Večino teh mehanizmov so preučevali na preprostih živalskih modelih, zato v zadnjem delu razpravljamo še o študijah, ki so bolj povezane s staranjem pri ljudeh. Opišimo Wernerjev sindrom, kot primer pospešenega staranja in razpravljamo o pomenu telomeraz kot dejavniku, ki omejuje število celičnih delitev. Na koncu omenimo možnosti vplivanja na procese staranja in opozorimo na etične, socialne in ekonomske probleme, ki bi jih taki posegi lahko sprožili.
Descriptors		AGING REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR GERM CELLS CATALASE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE CYTOCHROME P-450 FREE RADICALS ENERGY INTAKE TELOMERASE APOPTOSIS CELL DIVISION INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN 1 PROGERIA