Author/Editor		Trošt, Maja
Title		Dystonia update
Type		članek
Source		Curr Opin Neurol
Vol. and No.		Letnik 16
Publication year		2003
Volume		str. 495-500
Language		eng
Abstract		Purpose of review Dystonia is a movement disorder with a complex and not fully understood pathophysiology. Its better understanding would enable more focused treatment for the disorder. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies of the pathophysiology of primary and secondary dystonia, with an emphasis on functional brain imaging. Potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of deep brain stimulation for dystonia are also summarized. Recent findings The recognition of dysfunction at different levels of the nervous system has extended the classical notions of localized striatal abnormalities in primary dystonia. Recent biochemical studies have revealed evidence of abnormal torsion activity in DYT1 dystonia. Abnormal patterns of brain metabolism have also been identified using functional brain imaging in different dystonia genotypes. These findings, in conjunction with new electrophysiological techniques, can be utilized to help define a common mechanism for the neural dysfunction in dystonia. Summary New insights into the pathophysiology of dystonia have been provided by recent studies using electrophysiology, biochemistry and human genetics, as well as functional brain imaging studies. These advances together may create the basis for new therapies for this disorder.
Descriptors		DYSTONIA ELECTRIC STIMULATION THERAPY MOLECULAR CHAPERONES MOTOR CORTEX POINT MUTATION BASAL GANGLIA CARRIER PROTEINS CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, PAIR 9 NEURAL INHIBITION RECEPTORS, PRESYNAPTIC SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX SPINAL CORD THALAMUS