Author/Editor		Babnik-Peskar, Darja
Title		Rentgenske preiskave pri kamnih v sečilih
Translated title		Roentgenological investigations in urolithiasis
Type		članek
Source		In: Tršinar B, editor. Kamni v sečilih. 2. slovenski urološki simpozij; 1996 dec 6-7; Ljubljana. Ljubljana: Urološka sekcija SZD Slovenije,
Publication year		1996
Volume		str. 1-6
Language		slo
Abstract		X-ray examinations, plain film and intravenous urography (IVU), remain the procedures of choice in the investigation of patients with urolithiasis, especially in acute ureteric colic. IVU shows the anatomy and allows the detection and localisation of calculis in the whole urinary tract. IVU has the important role in the evaluation of the degree of obstruction. In the acute obstruction there are increasingly dense nephrogram of poor function, possible rupture of fornices or localised minimal di(atation of ureters. In chronie obstruetion there are all degrees of secondary dilatation: from minimal in the ureter to more extensive in the whole uninary tract with impairment of renal function. Only IVU showes the anatomy of urinary tract, ecpecially pielocalyces and ureters, sufficiently enough to make decisions about: 1. whether to watch and wait, 2. whether there is adequate drainage for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESLW) 3. whether a combination with/or percutaneous nephrolitotomy is appropriate. IVU is comparable to ultrasound (US) combined with plain films and is usually performed after US and plain films, especially in acute ureteric colic, or in the case when treatment decision is required. Other contrast investigations (anterograde or retrograde contrast applications) are necessary in cases of diagnostic dilemmas when contrast visualisation is inadequate, and when the evaluation of other changes of urinary tract is important. Direct contrast investigacions are usually performed when renal function is poor, when nephrostomy or retrograde catheters are already inserted for therapeutic and diagnostic reasons.
Descriptors		URINARY CALCULI UROGRAPHY