Author/Editor		Lenassi, Eva; Likar, Katarina
Title		Razvoj otrokovega vida
Translated title		Development of child's vision
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 46, št. 1
Publication year		2007
Volume		str. 31-43
Language		slo
Abstract		The study of visual pathway maturation in children is still an active field of research. Morphological and functional changes are most pronounced during the first few years of human life, when central retina, as well as the myelinisation of the visual pathway and visual cortex are developing fast. Maturation of the visual pathway can be studied by clinical and electrophysiological evaluation. Functioning of the retina can be objectively studied using electroretinography (ERG) and functioning of the rest of the visual pathway using visual evoked potentials (VEP). Our aim was to investigate the developmental changes of visual function in healthy infants and preschool children via clinical evaluation of visual acuity and with the use of electrophysiological methods. The correlation of clinical and electrophysiological evaluation of visual function was also studied. The obtained data served as normative data for ERG and VEP evaluation in infants and preschool children. Forty-five children aged from 1.5 months to 7.5 years participated in our prospective study. Ophthalmological and electrophysiological examination was performed in all subjects. The results show that visual acuity is rapidly improving during the first years of life and reaches maturity in the third year. Changes in parameters of electrophysiological responses as a function of age were also detected. A correlation between clinical evaluation of visual function and electrophysiological responses was confirmed. The obtained normative data for electrophysiological testing of infants and preschool children are now used at the Visual Electrophysiology Unit of the Ophthalmology Clinic, Ljubljana Medical Center, as a significant aid in early detection of pathology of the entire visual pathway in infants and preschool children.
Summary		Področje zorenja vida pri otrocih ostaja kljub dolgoletnim študijam aktualen predmet raziskav. Morfološke in funkcionalne spremembe vidne poti so najizrazitejše v prvih letih življcnja, ko pride do razvoja osrednjega dela mrežnice, do mielinizacije vlaken v vidni poti ter do razvoja vidne skorje. Zorenje vidne poti lahko proučujemo s klinično oceno vidne funkcije in z elektrofiziološkimi metodami. Pri slednjih z elektroretinografijo (ERG) objektivno ocenjujemo delovanje mrežnice, z vidnimi evociranimi potenciali (VEP) pa delovanje ostale vidne poti. Nameni naše raziskave so bili: oceniti klinični in elektrofiziološki razvoj vidne funkcije pri dojenčkih in predšolskih otrocih, primerjati klinično ocenjeno ostrino vida z elektrofiziološkimi odzivi ter izdelati normative za elektrofiziološko testiranje dojenčkov in predšolskih otrok za Enoto za vidno elektrofiziologijo na Očesni kliniki v Ljubljani. V prospektivni raziskavi je sodelovalo 45 zdravih otrok, starih od 1,5 meseca do 7,5 let. Pri vsakem smo opravili oftalmološki pregled in elektrofiziološke meritve. Ugotovili smo, da se jc ostrina vida v skladu s pričakovanji naglo izboljševala v prvih letih življenja in dosegla odraslo stanje med tretjim in četrtim letom starosti. Prikazali smo tudi s starostjo pogojene spremembe v parametrih elektrofizioloških odzivov. Dokazali smo povezanost med klinično oceno vidne funkcije in elektrofiziološkimi odzivi. Izdelali smo normativne vrednosti za elektrofiziološko testiranje dojenčkov in predšolskih otrok za Enoto za vidno elektrofiziologijo na Očesni kliniki v Ljubljani, ki bodo omogočale zgodnejše in učinkovitejše odkrivanje patologije v celotni vidni poti.
Descriptors		CHILD DEVELOPMENT VISION VISUAL ACUITY ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL