Author/Editor		Turk, Zmago; Hernja Rumpf, Tadeja
Title		Tope poškodbe mišice kvadriceps
Translated title		Blunt injuries of muscle quadriceps in football
Type		članek
Source		In: 1. mednarodna konferenca NOGOMED "Nogomet in medicina"; 2007 sep 28-29; Maribor. Maribor: ,
Publication year		2007
Volume		str. 73-7
Language		slo
Abstract		Football is a sport with a high risk of injury. Knee, ankle and head injuries are the most common types of football injuries. Blunt injuries of muscle quadriceps are very common among football players. The quadriceps muscles consists of four muscles comprising the front of the thigh and are in contact with bone throughout the lenght of the thigh, and thus, are particularly susceptible to contusions. The course of trauma is the direct force of opponents knee or his sport shoe. The extensiveness of the injury depends of the punch strength. Minor contusions are accompanied by painful sensitivity in the tight with no effect on the mobility of the knee. In major contusions the active knee flexion is less than 90°. While walking the athlete disburdens the injured leg. Ultrasonography confirms the diagnosis of blunt trauma and helps us to decide on further treatment. The treatment should include limiting swelling and bleeding. The appropriate first aid is very important. Immediately after the trauma, the injured leg is treated with criotherapy and compression pad. Ice should be placed over the injury site for 20 minutes. Thereafter, ice should be continued for 20 minutes, every hour for the first 24 hours, with the knee straight. Minor contusions are treated with physiotherapy and analgesics, however by major ones we try to avoid the formation of cicatrices with operation and punction. In case not following all the appropriate steps of diagnosis and therapy, rare but extremely appalling complications can occur. This includes mostly myositis ossificans which could appear after four months of trauma.
Summary		Nogomet je šport z visokim tveganjem poškodb. Najpogosteje pride do poškodbe kolen, gležnjev in glave. Prihaja lahko do različnih poškodb mišice kvadriceps, vendar so najpogostejše udarnine. Mišica kvadriceps sestoji iz štirih mišic, ki obdajajo sprednji del stegna in so v stiku s stegnenico po celotni sprednji površini. Mehanizem poškodbe je direktni udarec v sprednji del stegna, povzročen ali od igralca ali od predmeta (koleno ali športni čevlji). Obsežnost poškodbe zavisi od različnih dejavnikov. Blage udarnine spremlja blaga bolečnost, obseg gibljivosti pa ostaja enak. Pri hudih udarninah je obseg gibljivosti kolena zmanjšan in znaša manj kot 90°. Ultrazvočna preiskava potrdi diagnozo topih poškodb in pomaga pri nadaljnjih odločitvah zdravljenja. Zdravljenje naj bo usmerjeno k zmanjšanju otekanja in ustavljanju krvavitve. Takoj po poškodbi zdravimo po metodi RICE. Majhne udarnine zdravimo s pomočjo fizioterapije in analgetikov, v primeru večjih in obsežnejših poškodb pa preprečujemo nastanek brazgotinjenja z operacijo in punkcijo. V primeru neupoštevanja vseh korakov v diagnostiki in zdravljenju lahko pride do hudih zapletov, med katerimi je najpogostejši myositis ossificans, kateri se lahko pojavi več mesecev po poškodbi.
Descriptors		FOOTBALL WOUNDS AND INJURIES