Author/Editor		Tuohimaa, P; Pukkala, E; Scelo, G; Olsen, JH; Brewster, DH; Hemminki, K; Tracey, E; Weiderpass, E; Kliewer, EV; Pompe-Kirn, V
Title		Does solar exposure, as indicated by the non-melanoma skin cancers, protect from solid cancers: vitamin D as a possible explanation
Type		članek
Source		Eur J Cancer
Vol. and No.		Letnik 43, št. 11
Publication year		2007
Volume		str. 1701-12
Language		eng
Abstract		Background: Skin cancers are known to be associated with sun exposure, whereas sunlight through the production of vitamin D may protect against some cancers. The aim of this study was to assess whether patients with skin cancer have an altered risk of developing other cancers. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 416,134 cases of skin cancer and 3,776,501 cases of non-skin cancer as a first cancer extracted from 13 cancer registries. 10,886 melanoma and 35,620 non-melanoma skin cancer cases had second cancers. The observed numbers (O) of 46 types of second primary cancer after skin melanoma, basal cell carcinoma or non-basal cell carcinoma, and of skin cancers following non-skin cancers were compared to the expected numbers (E) derived from the age, sex and calendar period specific cancer incidence rates in each of the cancer registries (O/E=SIR, standardised incidence ratios). Rates from cancer registries classified to sunny countries (Australia, Singapore and Spain) and less sunny countries (Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Scotland, Slovenia and Sweden) were compared to each other. Results: SIR of all second solid primary cancers (except skin and lip) after skin melanoma were significantly lower for the sunny countries (SIR(S)=1.03; 95% CI 0.99-1.08) than in the less sunny countries (SIR(L)=1.14; 95%CI 1.11-1.17). The difference was more obvious after non-melanoma skin cancers: after basal cell carcinoma SIR(S)/SIR(L)=0.65 (95%CI=0.58-0.72); after non-basal cell carcinoma SIR(S)/SIR(L)=0.58 (95%CI=0.50-0.67). In sunny countries, the risk of second primary cancer after non-melanoma skin cancers was lower for most of the cancers except for lip, mouth and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusions: Vitamin D production in the skin seems to decrease the risk of several solid cancers (especially stomach, colorectal, liver and gallbladder, pancreas, lung, female breast, prostate, bladder and kidney cancers). (Abs. trunc. at 2000 ch.)
Descriptors		ADULT AGED CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL INCIDENCE MELANOMA NEOPLASMS, RADIATION-INDUCED NEOPLASMS, SECOND PRIMARY REGISTRIES RISK ASSESSMENT RISK FACTORS SKIN NEOPLASMS SUNLIGHT VITAMIN D