Author/Editor		Nosan, G; Rener-Primec, Z
Title		Sindrom Panayiotopoulos - pogosta benigna epilepsija otroštva
Translated title		Panayiotopoulos syndrome - a common benign epilepsy of childhood
Type		članek
Source		Slov Pediatr
Vol. and No.		Letnik 14, št. 4
Publication year		2007
Volume		str. 184-91
Language		slo
Abstract		The Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) is a common and benign partial epilepsy occuring from early to late childhood. It affects 6% of children aged 1 to l5 years who have had at least l afebrile seizure; while its prevalence in the general pediatric population is 2 - 3 per 1000. Clinical manifestations comprise partial autonomic seizures with characteristic ictal vomiting, headache, pallor and possible ictal syncope, whereas consciousness and speech remain unaffected. Due to the diverse clinical manifestations of the seizures, which can affect all the functions of the autonomic nervous system and can last from several minutes to several hours, and as the child feels normal after some hours of sleep, the disease frequently remains unrecognized as an epileptic syndrome and is misdiagnosed as acute encephalitis, atypical migraine, cardiogenic syncope, gastroenteritis or other common diseases. The seizure most commonly occurs in sleep, and the child's developemental and neurological status is normal. The electroencephalogram (EEG), the only examination with pathological findings, shows multifocal, most frequently occipital spikes. The disease is benign and no treatment is usually required, but it may be instigated for a short period if there are frequent prolonged seizures. The prognosis is excellent; most of the children affected by the PS have 2 to 5 seizures, even prolonged autonomic seizures leave no ill effects. and the disease always disappears by adulthood.
Summary		Sindrom Panayiotopoulos je pogosta benigna parcialna epilepsija od zgodnjega do poznega otroštva. Pojavlja se pri 6% otrok s krči med 1. in 15. letom starosti oziroma med tistimi, ki so imeli vsaj en napad brez vročine, razširjenost bolezni pa je 2 do 3 na 1000 v splošni otroški populaciji. Klinična slika zajema avtonomni parcialni epileptični napad z značilnim iktičnim bruhanjem, glavobolom, bledico ter včasih iktično sinkopo, zavest in govor pa sta ob začetku napada ohranjena. Lahko so prizadete vse funkcije avtonomnega živčevja, napad lahko traja od nekaj minut do nekaj ur, zato je bolezen kot epileptični sindrom pogosto neprepoznana in se zamenja za akutni encefalitis, neznačilno migreno, kardiogeno sinkopo, gastroenteritis ali druge pogoste bolezni. Napad se najpogosteje pojavi v spanju. Elektroencefalogram je edina preiskava s patološkim izvidom. Pokaže lahko multifokalne, najpogosteje okcipitalne trne. Razvojno-nevrološki status otroka je normalen. Bolezen je benigna in zdravljenje običajno ni potrebno, lahko pa se uvede za krajše obdobje v primeru pogostih in/ali dolgotrajnih napadov. Napoved izida je odlična. Večina otrok ima od dva do pet napadov. Tudi dolgotrajni avtonomni epileptični statusi na puščajo posledic, bolezen pa vedno izzveni do odrasle dobe.
Descriptors		EPILEPSY AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY CHILD