Author/Editor     Cruciani, Fulvio; La Fratta, Roberta; Trombetta, Beniamino; Santolamazza, Piero; Sellitto, Daniele; Beraud Colomb, Eliane; Dugoujon, Jean-Michel; Crivellaro, Federica; Benincasa, Tamara; Pascone, Roberto; Moral, Pedro; Watson, Elizabeth; Melegh, Bela; Barbujani, Guido; Fuselli, Silvia; Vona, Giuseppe; Zagradišnik, Boris; Assum, Guenter; Brdicka, Radim; Kozlov, Andrey I.; Efremov, Georgi; Coppa, Alfredo; Novelleto, Andrea; Scozzari, Rosaria
Title     Tracing past human male movements in northern/eastern Africa and western Eurasia: new clues from Y-chromosomal haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12
Type     članek
Source     Mol Biol Evol
Vol. and No.     Letnik 24, št. 6
Publication year     2007
Volume     str. 1300-11
Language     eng
Abstract     Detailed population data were obtained on the distribution of novel biallelic markers that finely dissect the human Y-chromosome haplogroup E-M78. Among 6,501 Y chromosomes sampled in 81 human populations worldwide, we found 517 E-M78 chromosomes and assigned them to 10 subhaplogroups. Eleven microsatellite loci were used to further evaluate subhaplogroup internal diversification. The geographic and quantitative analyses of haplogroup and microsatellite diversity is strongly suggestive of a northeastern African origin of E-M78, with a corridor for bidirectional migrations between northeastern and eastern Africa (at least 2 episodes between 23.9-17.3 ky and 18.0-5.9 ky ago), trans-Mediterranean migrations directly from northern Africato Europe (mainly in the last 13.0 ky), and flow from northeastern Africa to western Asia between 20.0 and 6.8 ky ago. A single clade within E-M78 (E-V13) highlights a range expansion in the Bronze Age of southeastern Europe, which is also detected by haplogroup J-M12. Phylogeography pattern of molecular radiation and coalescence estimates for both haplogroups are similarand reveal that the genetic landscape of this region is, to a large extent, the consequence of a recent population growth in situ rather than the result of a mere flow of western Asian migrants in the early Neolithic. Our results not only provide a refinement of previous evolutionary hypotheses but also well-defined time frames for past human movements both in northern/eastern Africa and western Eurasia.
Descriptors     GENETICS, POPULATION
HAPLOTYPES
EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
EUROPE
AFRICA, EASTERN
AFRICA, NORTHERN
ASIA, WESTERN