| Abstract | | Background: Vaccination is one of the most important public health measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Influenza vaccination is recommended for all nursing home residents, and pneumococcal vaccination for people over 65 years of age. In Slovenia, data on the influenza and pneumoccocal vaccination rates in elderly nursing home residents are not available. Objectives: To determine influenza and pneumococcal vaccine coverage in elderly nursing home residents and identify factors influencing the rate of immunization. Patients and methods: In a cross-sectional retrospective study, data for 2,040 elderly nursing home residents from 12 nursing homes in Slovenia were analysed. The source of data were paper patient records and nursing documentation. Results: There were 1,605 female (78.7%) and 435 male (21.3%) nursing home residents, aged 65 to 104 years. Theaverage age was 82.3 (SD 7.8 years). As many as 452 (22.2%) of them were completly independent in their activities of daily living (ADL), 383 (18.8%) were partially dependent, and 1,205 (59.0%) were either completely dependent or in need of 24-hour supervision. The rate of vaccination against influenza and against pneumococci in elderly nursing home residents was 69.1% and 4.3%, respectively. The influenza vaccination rate was dependent on the organisationof vaccination in nursing homes ( 2 =59.432, p<0.001), but was notinfluenced by the characteristics of the study population. Conclusions: Theinfluenza vaccination rate varied largely among the nursing homes. The highvaccination rate established in some nursing homes suggested that immunisation is possible in the majority of elderly nursing home residents.Promotion activities for pneumococcal vaccination should be itensified and should involve provision of free vaccine for all people over 65 of age.
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| Summary | | Izhodišča: Cepljenje je eden najpomembnejših javnozdravstvenih ukrepov za preprečevanje in obvladovanje nalezljivih bolezni. Cepljenje proti gripi je priporočeno za vse oskrbovance domov za dolgotrajno nego, cepljenje proti pnevmokoku pa za vse, ki so stari 65 let in več. Podatkov o deležu proti gripiin pnevmokoku cepljenih starostnikov, živečih v domovih starejših občanov(DSO), v Sloveniji nimamo. Namen: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti delež proti gripi in pnevmokoku cepljenih starostnikov, živečih v DSO, in prepoznati dejavnike, od katerih je cepljenje odvisno. Preiskovanci in metode:V presečni in retrospektivni raziskavi so analizirali podatke za 2040 starostnikov iz 12 DSO v Sloveniji. Kot vir podatkov smo uporabili zdravstvenikarton splošne medicine in dokumentacijo zdravstvene nege. Rezultati: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 1605 žensk (78,7 %) in 435 moških (21,3 %), ki so bili stari od 65 do 104 leta, v povprečju 82,3 let (SD 7,8 let). Povsem samostojnih je bilo 452 (22,2 %), delno odvisnih od tuje pomoči 383 (18,8 %) ter povsem odvisnih od tuje pomoči ali 24-urnega nadzora 1205 (59,0 %) starostnikov. Proti gripi je bilo cepljenih 69,1 %, proti pnevmokoku pa 4,3% starostnikov v DSO. Nobena od značilnosti starostnikov ni nakazovala večje verjetnosti za cepljenje proti gripi, verjetnost, da je bil starostnik cepljen proti gripi, pa je bila odvisna od organizacije cepljenja v domu upokojencev, kjer starostnik biva ( 2 =59,432, p<0,001). Sklepi: Delež protigripi cepljenih starostnikov se je med DSO močno razlikoval. Visok delež cepljenih proti gripi v nekaterih domovih kaže, da je mogoče proti gripi v DSOcepiti večino starostnikov. Cepljenje proti pnevmokoku pri najbolj ogroženih skupinah je potrebno spodbuditi s širše zastavljeno akcijo, kamor bisodilo tudi brezplačno cepivo za vse, ki so stari 65 let in več.
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